南瓜油葵间作耕作层根系分布与植株产量

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202110.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解决冀西北高原坡梁地利用低效问题，于2020年在河北农业大学张北实验站通过南瓜油葵不同间作群体结构试验，探讨了南瓜经济高效的种植方式。试验设南瓜单作（Sp）、南瓜行间作1行油葵（IC₁）、南瓜行间作2行油葵（IC₂）和油葵单作（So）4个处理。收获时利用分层挖掘法与ScanMaker-i800扫描仪相结合，并用根系分析系统研究了南瓜-油葵间作复合群体根系在耕作层的分布及地下部和地上部的关系。结果表明：通过根系及根冠比的分析，发现油葵在间作复合群体中处于间作上位优势，致使间作油葵根系的各性状均显著优于单作油葵，IC₁和IC₂油葵根系鲜重、干重、根长、根表面积和体积较So分别显著提高了87.72%和45.49%、149.52%和83.39%、25.30%和26.62%、19.61%和14.23%、53.24%和43.89%（P<0.05）；而南瓜-油葵间作复合体系中，油葵竞争光水肥等资源使间作南瓜根系弱于单作南瓜，0～40 cm土层中Sp根系鲜重、干重、根长、根表面积和体积总量分别较IC₁和IC₂显著提高了80.25%和140.37%、49.73%和92.96%、1.83%和12.80%、3.90%和26.04%、22.15%和21.76%（P<0.05）；间作南瓜的根系和地上部生物量均显著低于单作南瓜，而间作油葵的根系和地上部生物量均显著高于单作油葵；南瓜根系密度随土层加深呈幂函数递减，油葵根系密度随土层加深呈指数函数递减。在冀西北高原雨养背景下，南瓜单作是该地区南瓜的适宜栽培方式。

关键词: 南瓜, 油葵, 间作, 根系, 产量

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of slope beam land and select the suitable planting mode, an intercropping experiment of pumpkin and oil sunflower was conducted at the Zhangbei Station of Heibei Agricultural University in 2020. Four modes of pumpkin and oil sunflower intercropping were designed, including sole cropping of pumpkin (Sp) and oilsunflower (So), intercropping with one row of oil sunflower (IC₁), and intercropping with two rows of oil sunflower (IC₂) between pumpkin rows. We examined root distribution in tillage layer and analyzed the relationships between below and above-ground of pumpkin and oil sunflower by digging roots by layers, combined with ScanMaker-i800 and root analysis system during harvest. The results showed that oil sunflower took an advantage over pumpkin in the intercropping system, as indicated by the fact that root characters of intercropping oil sunflower was better than that of oil sunflower sole cropping. Root fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root surface area and volume of oil sunflower in treatments of pumpkin intercropping with one row (IC1) and two rows oil sunflower (IC2) were significantly increased by 87.72% and 45.49%, 149.52% and 83.39%, 25.30% and 26.62%, 19.61% and 14.23%, 53.24% and 43.89% than that in treatment of oil sunflower sole cropping (So), respectively. As oil sunflower was dominant in nutrient and water uptake in the intercropping system, roots of intercropping pumpkin were weaker than that of pumpkin sole cropping. Root fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root surface area and volume of pumpkin in sole cropping (Sp) were significantly increased by 80.25% and 140.37%, 49.73% and 92.96%, 1.83% and 12.80%, 3.90% and 26.04%, 22.15% and 21.76% than that in IC₁ and IC₂ in 0-40 cm soil layer, respectively. The roots and aboveground biomass of intercropping pumpkin were significantly lower than that of monoculture, while opposite patterns were observed for oil sunflower. Root density of pumpkin decreased by power function with increasing soil layers, while it decreased by exponential function in oil sunflower. Our results suggest that pumpkin monoculture is the suitable planting method in rain-fed dryland farming.

Key words: pumpkin, oil sunflower, intercropping, root system, yield.

孙国庆, 张俊花, 王登燕, 范悦, 黄伟. 南瓜油葵间作耕作层根系分布与植株产量[J]. 生态学杂志, 2021, 40(10): 3147-3158.

SUN Guo-qing, ZHANG Jun-hua, WANG Deng-yan, FAN Yue, HUANG Wei. Root distribution in tillage layers and yields of pumpkin and oil sunflower in an intercropping system.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2021, 40(10): 3147-3158.

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南瓜油葵间作耕作层根系分布与植株产量

Root distribution in tillage layers and yields of pumpkin and oil sunflower in an intercropping system.

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