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中文
Table of Content
09 February 2002, Volume 21 Issue 1
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Effect of Soil Moisture Status on Some Eco-Physiological Indexes of Dominant Tree Species in the Pine Broadleaf Forest of Changbai Mountain
Wang Miao, Dai Limin, Ji Lanzhu, Li Qiurong, Guo Yuqiang
2002, (1): 1-5.
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Potted seadlings of
Pinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica,Juglans mandshurica,Tilia amurensis,
and
Quercus mongolica
,which are five dominant species in the Korean pine broadleaf forest at Changbai mountain,were grown in different soil moistures.We designed three soil moisture scenarios:85%～100%(high water,CK),65%～85% (medium water,MW) and 45%～65% (low water,LW) of field water holding capacity.The results show that characteristics of typical drought resistance on the leaves are significantly developed.The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of
F.mandshurica
were higher compared with CK at MW.The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of other 4 tree species at CK were lower than those at MW and LW.The transpiration rate of 5 tree species responses differently to various soil water status.
Concentrations and Correlation of Eight Important Elements in the Annual Rings of
Pinus massoniana
in Dinghushan,Guangdong
Hou Aimin, Peng Shaolin, Zhou Guoyi
2002, (1): 6-9.
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The concentrations of the elements in the annual rings of
Pinus massoniana
reflect the influence of both regional factors and species characteristics in absorbing,accumulating and distributing elements.The changes of environmental factors may result in concentration changes of elements in tree rings.Therefore,variations of tree ring element concentration may provide some clue in studying environmental changes.Some of eight elements studied are strongly correlated with others,the reason of which might be their similar structural and enzymatic functions in the plant cell,similar chemical properties and similar or opposite reaction to variations in some environment factors.
Distribution and the Correlativety of Plant Nutrient Element in
Carex lasiocarpa
Wetland
He Chiquan
2002, (1): 10-13.
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The distribution of nutrient was different for different dominant plant species in
C.lasiocarpa
wetland ecosystem.The distribution of nutrient was also different for different plant components in
Carex lasiocarpa
.The gross nutrient element distribution for N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Cu and Fe in
C.lasiocarpa
was in order of:redicula>rhizoma>spike>blade>sheath>inflorescence.But this rule for the gross nutrient element distribution of Zn and Mn was not obvious.The seasonal dynamic trends of nutrient element contents in dead stand were decreaseing.The liberation of general elements N,P,K and microelement Mn were continuous,and with monotone downtrend;the liberation rate of microelement Cu,Zn,Fe were faster than other elemnts,while the trend for Ca was all through incremental.There were different degrees of correlativity among different nutrient elements in C. lasiocarpa
Interconnection among Main Tree Populations of
Abies yuanbaoshanensis
Community
Ou Zulan, Li Xiankun, Su Zongming, Tang Runqin, Ning Shijiang, Li Ruitang
2002, (1): 14-18.
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Different indices were used based on a 2?2 contingency table to determine the interconnection of the 15 main tree populations of
Abies yuanbaoshanensis
community in 25m
2
,50m
2
and 100m
2
size quadrates.The results showed that the quadrates of 100m
2
could exactly display the character of connection between main tree populations and whole community.There was positive correlation among main tree populations in general.But most pairs of main tree populations displayed either positive or negative correlation.A few pairs displayed significant or more correlation.The interconnection of main tree populations was associated with the ecological character of the species.
Effect of Exotic Toxin on the Nutrition of Woodland Soil
Chen Longchi, Liao Liping, Wang Silong, Huang Zhiqun
2002, (1): 19-22.
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The effect of vanillin and P hydroxybenzoic acid on Chinese fir (
Cunninghamia lanceolata
) woodland soil and
Schima superba
woodland soil was studied in pot culture experiment.The results showed that contents of nitrogen,potassium and organic matter were lower than the control and their change scope were 21.8%,2.8% and 8.2% respectively.The content of available phosphorus were higher and the change scope was 23.7%.In addition,both changes became more significant with increase of phenolic concentration.These results showed that allelochemicals released by plant may affect content of nutrition in soil,and give rise to nutrition deficiency,and then affect Chinese fir growth.
Effects of Food Factors on the Fighting Behavior of
Crossoptilon mantchuricum
in Winter
Dai Qiang, Zhang Zhengwang, Qiu Fucai, Guo Jianrong
2002, (1): 23-25.
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This experiment was designed to find out the influence of food distribution and feeding condition on feeding behavior and fighting of
Crossoptilon mantchuricum
.The food distribution had 3 levels:scattered,clustered and terrifically clustered.The feeding condition has 2 levels:hungry and half hungry.When the
C.mantchuricum
were hungry,the frequency of biting at feeding was more significant than that when they were half hungry.The distribution of food had significant influence on hungry birds while it did not work for half hungry birds unless the food was terrifically clustered.The abundance and distribution of resource had some influences on the resource allot and dominant behaviour in the flock of
C.mantchuricum
.Most of fighting occurred between the dominant and subdominant
C.mantchuricum
and in subdominant ones.About 47% of biting occurred on the periphery far from food.In order to prevent subdominant birds from getting inside to feed, dominant birds occasionally wandered outside to attack subdominant ones waiting for food.A lot of biting occurred between subdominant birds.We assume that they could confirm their status by biting,and then minimize competitions from more subdominant ones.
Microbiological Ecology during Bioremediation for Oil Contaminated Soil
Yao Deming, Xu Huaxia, Zhang Hairong, Guo Shuhai, Ma Xuejun, Zhang Chungui, Qu Xiangrong
2002, (1): 26-28.
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The analysis on microbiological ecology for four types of oil contaminates soils showed that the bacteria utilizing the oil as carbon sources increase,wheras the fugi become less.Zooloea and Bacillu are the dominant bacteria ;
Mocor
and
Cunninghamella
,and
Fursarium
are the dominant fungi streptomyces take the superiority among the actinomyces.The anaiysis on esterase activity showed that the microbes above mentioned have abilies of degrading esters. The biodeg radationrates are 55.45%,56.74%,38.37% and 45.19%respectively,after 53 days,the biodegradation rate can be increased by 12.6% when the dominant microbes are added.
Feeding Habits of
Macaca mulatta
in Taihang Mountains
L? Jiuquan, Lu Jiqi, Li Jingyuan, Zhang Jingyu, Qu Wenyuan
2002, (1): 29-31,61.
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In this paper,the relationship between feeding habits of
Macaca mulatta
and vegetation types in Taihang Mountains is investigated with fallow track survey method.The results show that
M.mulatta
mainly selects the hillside of H500～700m as its main food seeking place.Its feeding habits are directly affected by the geographic distribution and species number of plants in the habitats.The frequency of eating definite parts of plants by
Macaca mulatta
varies with the growing stages of plants.
Feeding Habits of
Phyllotreta striolata
(Fabricius)
Wu Weijian
2002, (1): 32-34.
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According to reports,
Phyllortreta striolata
(Fabricius) is a polyphagous insect.Its meal scope includs 19 species of plants in 8 families,some of which are from very far away branch of families.With the non-selectivity trial,the results indicate that SFB is an oligophagous insect.Its food is limited to the plants which contain glucosinolates belonging to Capparales Order in the Takhtajan or Cronquist plant system.Its food source has also been found in other plants that also contain glucosinates such as
Tropaeolum majus
.
Ecological and Economic Efficiency of Multistage Utilization Technique of
Phragmites communis
Residue
Li Pingping, Zhu Zhonggui
2002, (1): 35-37.
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The ecological effect and economic return of the
P.communis
multistage utility technique was studied.
P.communis
residue was firstly used to culture mushroom,and then mushroom residue was used as medium of vegetable cultivation,and finally the medium residue with vegetable root was applied to farmland as organic matter.The result showed that the assistant energy efficient is 8.1% in the mushroom culture and 8.4% in the vegetable culture.N transformation efficiency is about 40%both in mushroom and vegetable culture.The yield of both mushroom and vegetable with
P.communis
residue as medium are equal to the yield with conventional medium culture.For the cost of
P.communis
residue is much less than conventional medium,the economic return is much higher as well.
Dynamics and Composition of Dominant Guilds and the Biodiversity of Arthropod Community in Spring
Zea mays
Ding Wei, Zhao Zhimo, Wang Jinjun, Zhu Wenbing
2002, (1): 38-41.
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Systematic investigation and analysis of arthropod in spring
Z. mays
in the suburbs of Chongqing was carried out during 1998-1999.The component structure and biodiversity of the arthropod community were studied according to the species,guilds and nutrient classes.The results indicated that there are 320 species of arthropod in spring
Z. mays
in the suburbs of Chongqing City.Among this,43.8% is pests,48.4% is natural enemies and 7.8% is other neutral insects.All of the arthropod was divided into 4 nutrient classes,7 guilds,and 22 groups,which include plant-eating groups,natural enemy groups and others.These groups directly or indirectly depend on corns and make up an integrated food chain.Every natural class has its dominant species and key species.But these species change with the growth of corns.In this paper,the function of the dominant species,dominant groups and guilds in the integrated pest management was analyzed.The relationship between abundance, bio-diversity and key species was also analyzed.It is indicated that key species play an important role in pest control.
Optimization Study on the Planting Structure of Sanshui City in the Northwest Pearl River Delta
Chen Feipeng, Li Mouzhao, Ji Shuyi, Wang Dianbei
2002, (1): 42-44.
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The mathematical model of the planting system of Sanshui City was established with the help of analytic hierarchy process and model simulation metnod. The planting structure was optimized aided with the computer. The economical,ecological and social benefits of the optimized system increased by 15%,5.45%,and 3% respectively,and the comprehensive benefit increased by 11%. The result showed that the target of coordinating the environment and economy was reached.
Ecological Construction of Caoshang Pollution-Free Vegetabl Base in Chongqing
Chen Yucheng, Qing Changle, Pu Fuyong, Ouyang Jian, Mou Shusen, Pi Guangjie, Mu Zhijian, Wang Zhengyin, Wang Dingyong, Liu Deshao
2002, (1): 45-48.
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The investigation, analysis,pot-tests and field experiments were conducted to deal with the feasibility to build pollution free vegetable base in latent pollution area surrounding metropolis,based on Caoshang area in Chongqing.The problems of base construction were put forward by means of systematic step analysis.The ecological planning and construction of Caoshang base were suggested at the end of the paper.
Adjusting Effect of the Organism on Environment
Li Kunbao, Tong Genglei, Zheng Xuesong
2002, (1): 49-52.
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The natural biological community not disturbed by human is the only means to maintain the local and global environment adaptable for living activities.The stability of the global climate is just based on the adjusting function of the natural biological community which is determined by genome of the composite species.Developing and transforming the community by man may lead to the chromosome distortion and gene deficiency.Once the disturbance toward the community ceases,the biological community will restore the environment to a state adaptable for its existence.
Advance in Study on the Biogeochemical Process in Wetlands
Bai Junhong, Deng Wei, Zhu Yanming
2002, (1): 53-57.
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Wetlands are special ecosystems with distinctive biogeochemical circulation.Wetland soil locates where biogeochemical conversions take place,and its Eh value strongly influences the biogeochemical conversion procedure of elements. This paper analyzed the biogeochemical conversion procedure of essential elements such as C,N,P and S,the main environmental factors influencing the biogeochemical circulation in wetlands,and summarized important characters of the biogeochemical circulation in wetlands.It is concluded that controlling pollution and reinforcing conservation and management of wetlands will keep positive biogeochemical circulation in wetlands.
Formation and Development of Computing Ecology
Cong Peitong, Yan Xiufeng, Zhao Zehai, Yu Jinghua, Zu Yuangang
2002, (1): 58-61.
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Techniques of numeralization, modeling,visualization and intelligence are integrated into the model of ecology constantly.Computing ecology is forming gradually as a branch of ecology.Reversion and emulation of ecological process are main research fields of computing ecology.It is suitable for studying global environment change and hot topics of ecology.
Scientific Management of Weed:Theory and Implementation
Tu Xiuliang, Chen Yingming
2002, (1): 62-64,79.
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Scientific management of weeds is theoretically based on ecology.The implementation methods inclade:Intensifying the weed biology and ecology research, especially those of the heavy weeds;Intensifying the research of developing competition between the crop and the weed;Utilizing a allelopathy the gene engineering and breeding against the weeds;Utilizing allelopathy between the crop and the weed, and utilizing biological and agricultural measurements to control the weeds.
Primary Probing into Niche of Natural
Betula platyphylla
Population by Means of Photosynthetic Efficiency
Wang Aimin, Zu Yuamgang
2002, (1): 65-67.
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In terms of photosynthetic efficiency,which demonstrates the space-time function of plant,niche width of
B. platyphylla
population was described.First,on the basis of net photosynthetic amount in certain time,the niche width of a birch was calculated.Then,the realized niche and rudimental niche of
B. platyphylla
seedlings,young trees and adult trees were discussed.Finally, the dynamic of niche under special conditions was studied.
Food-Storing Preference of
Microtus brandti
Wan Xinrong, Wang Mengjun, Wang Guanghe, Zhong Wenqin
2002, (1): 68-69.
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By the food-storing-preference experiment conducted on the
M. Brandti
,it is revealed that there is an apparent preference of this species: the most favorable component is the root of
Artemisia scoparia
,then the
A.frigida
,and then the branch and fruit of
A.scoparia
.Such preference is related with the food-storing order in the caches of the communal over-winter-group.
A Study with I& and
*
m Index on the Vein of Spatial Patterns of
Pinus densiflora
Population in Shandong Province
Zhang Wei, Zhao Shanlun
2002, (1): 70-73,25.
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With the methods of I& and
*
m index,the vein of spatial patterns of
P.densiflora
population in Shandong province has been preliminarily studied.The results show that the clump is bigger and the vein is rougher for
P.densiflora
forest with high administrative age levels than that with low age levels.The clump of artificial forest doesn't show evident patches,and the vein is trifling.The individual distribution pattern of
P.densiflora
forest with light artificial influence is always random,while that of
P.densiflora
forest with heavy artificial influence is always even.
Environmental Impact of Zhoukou-Province Boundary Super Highway in Henan Province
Huang Jinhui, Li Qun, Liu Xiaoli
2002, (1): 74-79.
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The Zhoukou-province boudary Super Highway is about 74.70 km long.It is a main component in the framework of planned Henan Provincial super highway network.There are many regional environmental and ecological impacts induced by the construction of this project.This paper studied the aspects of land acquisition,ecological impact,green land,and water and soil conservation,and proposed some mitigation measures.
