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    10 April 2002, Volume 21 Issue 2
    Effects of Ecdogicul Envionmant and Growth of Sugarcane on Vegetable Inter-Cropping in Saccharum officinarum L.Farm
    Xiao Runlin, Li Ling, Zeng Fuping, Wei Zhengshe, Meng Guanxi
    2002, (2):  1-4,17. 
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    Two year's research on the relationship between vegetable planting and S.officinarum growth indicates that vegetable inter-cropping has no negative effect on the yielding of S.officinarum.The competition for water,soil nutrition and sunshine between S.officinarum and vegetable are avoided due to carefully designed productive plan.It also indicates that while vegetable inter-cropping has influence,to certain extent,on soil temperature and soil water of the S.officinarum planting plot,it does not affect the growth of S.officinarum.The number,height and weight of S.officinarum stem remain in the normal range,while the land productivity is enhanced by this inter-cropping.It shows that the output of vegetable inter-cropping doubled (167.7~217.4 percent higher for cayenne,124~179.7 percent higher for frijole) than contrast.
    Dynamics of Sulfur in Soil and Plants of Winter Wheat at Various Growth Stages
    Cui Yanshan, Wang Qingren
    2002, (2):  5-8. 
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    Variation of sulfur (S) in plants of winter wheat and soil was investigated during growth stages.The samples were collected at the experimental station of Institute of Genetics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Pingxifu,Changping,suburb of Beijing.Five plots were marked first,and then soil and plants with 4 growth stages at those plots were sampled and analyzed.The stages were:reviving,jointing,heading and maturing,respectively.The result showed that the content of S in plants varied with growth stages,and decreased significantly in shoots.For example,the decrease range was 75.6% from the reviving stage to the mature stage.However,the content of S in roots increased 38.9% from reviving to maturity stage.The distribution ratio (total S in shoots/total S in roots) of S in individual plant of winter wheat decreased gradually during the four stages.The conftent of total S in the soil has no big change but the available S in the soil decreased significantly during the growth stages.For example,the available S in the soil at the reviving stage was 27.3 mg穔g-1,but it is only 12.4 mg穔g-1 in the maturity stage.The total uptake of S in each plant had significant negative relationship with the available S in the soil.
    A research of soil anmal community and its diversity in mulberry tree orchard in Laibang Town Yuexi County
    Tang Junyou, Zhao Rui, Wang Zongying
    2002, (2):  9-13. 
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    To discuss the character of soil animal community and its diversity in mulberry tree orchard,from February to September,1999,we investigated the soil animal community and its environment in mulberry tree orchard in Laibang town,Yuexi county.Faunas collected were 3804 individuals which belong to 5 phyla,12 classes and 34 genera. Among them 4 genera were dominate and 7 genera were common.These constitute 94.45% of the total collected population. The result shows:the more species and individual numbers and the higher evenness,the higher the soil animal community diversity.Moreover,the longer the mulberry tree planted,the higher the index of H,E,N and DIC for soil animal community. In the sample with more destructive insects,S,E and H values for soil animal community are high. The genera and individual numbers of soil animals decrease with the increase of soil depth,but casually increase a little bit in some sample field. The individual numbers are the highest in spring,then in autumn,and then in summer,and the least in winter on the whole.Approximately,the diversity index of soil animal community in the mulberry tree orchard is higher than that in the tea garden.
    Groundwater Quality of Grassland Areas in Western Jilin Province
    Mohammde Al-masri, Zhao Yingying, Zhou Daowei
    2002, (2):  14-17. 
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    Investigation and evaluation of the ground water quality at Dongnanjiu Village in Changling Town were introduced.Evaluation of water quality was done according to the Quality Standard for Ground Water (GB/T 14848-93).The results conformed to category Ⅳ.Hence the water can be used for domestic purposes after special treatment process.
    Dominant Population and Species Diversity of Heptacodium miconioides Community at Tiantai Mountain in Zhejing Province
    Jin Zexin
    2002, (2):  18-21. 
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    The age structure and dynamics of dominant species Heptacodium miconioides at Tiantai Moduntain in Zhejiang Province were analyzed by adopting the method of "spatial series substituting for time series".The results indlicate that the age-class of the Heptacodium miconioides population is incomplete.The population's survival curves are not linear,and its age structure is declining.The age structure for most of the other dominant populations is also declining,which indicates that the Heptacodium miconioides community is unstable.The species diversity of Heptacodium miconioides community consists in the fact that the woody plants are rich,and the species diversity index is higher than that of the herbs.In terms of species richness distribution,both the woody and herbs fix to the logrithmic scale distributions,which means that the number of the sparse species is bigger than the enriched species,and that the community's evenness is relatively small.
    Study on the Symbiotic Association of Hippophae rhamnoides L.(Non-leguminous Nitrogen-fixing trees) and Microbies in Pure Artificial Culture
    Wu Qingfeng, Tian Chunjie, He Xingyuan, Zhou Yuzhi, Han Guiyun
    2002, (2):  22-23,39. 
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    Symbiosis between Frankia,VA mycorrhizal fungi and Hippophae rhamnoides L.was studied in lab.The characteristic structures-arbuscules of VAM and nodules were confirmed in the root of H.rhamnoides L.,which was inoculated with VAMF and Frankia in pure artificial culture.Evaluated by the stimulation on the growth of the host plant,VAH is a better associated fungi and HR16 is a better Frankia for Hippophae rhamnoides L.
    Food Consumption and Utilization of Catantops pinguis(Stal) under Different Temperatures
    Gulmire Ablikim, Wang Shigui
    2002, (2):  24-26. 
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    Food consumption and utilization of adult Catantops pinguis(Stal) (Orthoptera:Catantopidae) were investigated under different temperatures.The results showed that temperature affected the food consumption remarkably,and food consumption increased with the rise of temperature.The temperature had a negative effect on the approximate digestibility(AD).The temperature affected the growth of this insect as well,but rather complicatedly.The weight of body did not increase with the rise of temperature linearly.The results indicated that food consumption,approximate digestibility and growth of C.pinguis(Stal)depended on the temperature.Between the two sexes,the food consumption of the female was notably higher than that of the male,being10.3 mg and 4.7 mg respectively.The male was higher than the female in approximate digestibility(82.11 % and 78.65%,respectivery)and the growth of body(-5.3 mg and -6.4 mg respectively),but the differences were not significant.
    Screening for High Yield Laccase Producing Fungi and Study on Iaccase Production
    Wang Yilei, Zhu Tao
    2002, (2):  27-29. 
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    We screened some high-yield fungi of laccase production by bavendamn's reaction and liquid ferment,and studied the conditions of laccase producing and activities of laccase in them.The results showed that 64 fungi had laccase activities and the Banvendamn's reaction were positive among the 71 fungi which we tested.The different fungi had different optimal carbon and nitrogen sources in their mediums.For example,Coriolus versicolor's optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were amylum and casein while Trametes trogii's were powder of wheatgrass and(NH4) 2SO 4.The characters of different fungi were different.The optimum temperature and optimum pH of Coriolus versicolor's laccase reaction were 25℃ and 4.6 respectively,while Trametes trogii's were 30℃ and 4.0,respectively.K+and Zn2+ increased activity whereas Ag+obviously inhibited it.
    Succession and Stability in Plant Community
    Dang Chenglin, Wang Chongyun, Wang Baorong, Li Yanling, Huang Qiming
    2002, (2):  30-35. 
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    The relationship between succession and stability in plant community was discussed based on redundancy theory.We regarded that:① Successions are recombination of components (species,individuals,or patches) on paralleled structures.In succession,simple paralleled redundancy structure in early stage changes into multiple one in later stage.② Community stability is redundancy structure stability.Every succession stage is stable,for replacement of species does not mean instability.③Resistance is related with redundancy structure and biological characters or longevity of species.In general,communities with complicated redundancy structure and long life span species are stronger in resistance than communities with simple redundancy structure and short life span species,especially in early stages.④Resilience is actually the rate of redundancy recruitments.Community redundancy structure will not be destroyed even in communities with simple redundancy structure and short life span species,if there are redundancy recruitments.⑤Resistance,resilience,persistence and variability are redundancy phenomenon at levels of individual,species and community.They should not be defined as 4 components of community stabilities.⑥ Succession speed or pattern,dominants,species diversity and so on have no innate relation with community stability.
    New Cognition and Solution of Water Resource Crisis in Liaoning Province Based on the 2nd World Water Forum
    Zhou Qixing
    2002, (2):  36-39. 
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    In the past century,there was the most increase in global usage of water resources and the havoc of global water resources owing to unreasonable utilization of water resources.Uneven time and space distribution,pollution and swart cycling of water resources is a worldwide trend with the increasingly deterioration of global environment and ecosystems.After a retrospect of the 2nd world water forum,the crisis of water resources in Liaoning Province at the beginning of 21st century was carefully analyzed and some relevant countermeasures to solve problerns of water resources were tentatively suggested on the basis of the data from the forum and its subsequent influences on sustainable management and utilization of water resources.
    Factors Affecting Soil N Availability in Forest Ecosystems:A Literature Review
    Su Bo, Han Xingguo, Qu Chunmei, Li Guicai
    2002, (2):  40-46. 
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    Nitrogen cycling in forest ecosystems has been one of the focuses widely concerned by ecologists in the past decades. Well understanding the pattern of N cycling and N availability in different forest ecosystems all around the world will be of theoretically and practically great significance for studying and resolving the problems of global climate change and biodiversity loss.This paper reviewed the biological and non-biological factors affecting soil N availability in forest ecosystems,and briefly discussed the problems in studying N availability.
    Role of Legume Species in Revegetation of Mined Wastelands
    Zhang Zhiquan, Shu Wensheng, Liao Wenbo, Lan Chongyu
    2002, (2):  47-52. 
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    Deficiency of nutrients and the role of legume species in restoration of mined wastelands are reviewed in this paper.The deficiency of major nutrients,especially poverty of nitrogen,is one of the most important limiting factors for vegetation restoration of mining wastelands.Legume species are very useful in restoration of wasteland because N-fixing properties of legume can increase the accumulation of nitrogen and organic matter.Effects of edaphic conditions,especially heavy metal toxicity on N-fixing of rhizobia-legume symbiotic,selection for tolerant legume species and application of those species on restoration of mining wastelands were also discussed.
    Advances in Study on Net Primary Productivity of Vegetation Using Remote Sensing
    Chen Lijun, Liu Gaohuan, Feng Xianfeng
    2002, (2):  53-57. 
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    As a powerful approach,the advantage of usig remote sensing to estimate and supervise net primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation lies not only in that it is free from a lot of trivially detailed field works,but also in that it realizes the estimation of NPP in a large region.So it largely pushes forward global change research.According to this kind of approach,this paper mainly discusses on the role of vegetation index,PAR and light energy efficiency on the estimation of NPP,and puts forward a few suggestions on improving the NPP models.
    Progress in Soil Organic Matter Changes of Turning Ecosystems Traced by Stable Carbon Isotopes
    Liu Qiming, Wang Shijie, Piao Hechun, Ouyang Ziyuan
    2002, (2):  58-60,70. 
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    Due to different photosynthetic process,there is obvious difference in δ 13C values between C3 plants and C4 plants.It is a useful method to trace with stable carbon isotopes in soil organic matter when studying turning ecosystems,where C3 plants (or C4 plants)are planted instead of C4 plants (or C3 plants).This paper intends to review and synthesize the recent advances in the research of this subject.
    Ecological Functions of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza in the Restoration of Degraded SoIl
    Fang Zhiguo, Chen Xin
    2002, (2):  61-63,. 
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    Mycorrhiza is a mutualistic,symbiotic bio-trophy between a fungus (mycobiont) and plant host.The ecological functions of mycorrhiza in restoration of degraded soil have been concerned.These ecological functions can be described as promoting the succession of plant community and the restoration of plant flora,sustaining of community stability and improving soil structure.The paper suggests that mycorrhiza inoculation in degraded soil,planting mycorrhiza independent plants and conserving plant bio-diversity are major approaches to utilize mycorrhiza to restore degraded soil in primary stage.
    Effect of Ants on Seed Dispersal
    Lu Changhu
    2002, (2):  64-66. 
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    Myrmecochory (seed dispersal by ant) is a kind of mutualism between ants and plants.Ants carry the seed to their nest,and eat the elaiosome attached to the seed,while the seed is abandoned in nest or refuse Piles where may be better for the germination and seedling establishment.Ant dispersal has five characteristics:short dispersal distance,quick disappear ance of seed,directed dispersal,secondary dispersal,and low level mutualism.Ant dispersal may be benefit to the plants in following aspects:reducing competition,protecting from fires,avoiding predation,and enhancing germination and seedling establishment.Most ant-dispersed plants are perennial herbs,about 2800 species belonging to 80 families,while ants belong to 32 genus from Formicidae.Myrmecochory appears in several types of habitats all over the world.
    Primary Study on Species Diversity of Community of Abies georgei Virgin Forest in Tibet
    Ren Qingshan
    2002, (2):  66-70. 
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    Species diversity of shrubs and herb under virgin forests of Abies georgei in Sejila Mountains of southeastern Tibet was measured quantitatively and analyzed by the investigating method of typical plot, three α diversity and two β diversity respectively.The results indicated that α and β diversities had the same law.With the increase of altitude,the species richness,evenness and diversity indices declined.The species distribution and number of shrubs and herb under forests had apparently changed.The similarity of community got more and more small.Abies georgei forests took on open distribution near the timberline,R.nivale and R.nyingchiesse were mainly dominant species of shrubs,and then C.fastigiata and R.yunnanensis were dominant species of herb.This distribution results in obvious characteristics of ecotone.The use of Motyka β diversity indices could much more reflect accurately the characteristics of mutual influence between the change of altitude gradients and species substituation.
    Interactions between a Bacillus mucilaginosus,Phosphobacteria and A Nitrogen Fixing Bacterium
    Rao Zhenghua, Lin Qimei, Sun Yanxin, Yao Jun, Xing Lijun, Zhang Youshan
    2002, (2):  71-73. 
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    A Bacillus mucilaginosus RGBc13 was incubated together with either a Pseudomonas sp.RGP11,a B.megaterinm RGPi or an Azotobacter chrococcus RGN21.It was found that RGBc13 had a strong ability to release K from glass powder and was not significantly affected by other bacteria although its growth was restrained.With the existence of RGN21,RGBc13 showed a stronger capacity to dissolve K from glass powder.RGBc13 promoted RGP11 growth,but restrained RGN21.RGPi growth was not affected by RGBc13.
    Principles,Structure and Characteristics of A New Kind of Ecological Breeding Model on Trionyx sinensis
    Hao Yujiang, Yang Zhencai, GaoYongli, Jia Yanju
    2002, (2):  74-76. 
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    According to the physiological and ecological requirements of Trionyx sinensis,a new kind of breeding model was designed after summarizing existed models.Its characters include:joined greenhouses,shallow water,small and no-sand culture ponds,under-water food desks,up-water calefaction tubes,diagonal water-calefaction tube and multifunctional drainage system,etc.
    Research On Agri-Tourism with Landscape Theory-Case Study in the Xi'an Modern Agriculture Comprehensive Development Zone
    Li Tongsheng, Ma Qingbin
    2002, (2):  77-80. 
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    Agri-tourism is a new kind of ecological and cultural tourism.Based on the analysis of market and location for agri-tourism,this paper analyzed the landscape structure and function for the study area.The paper also concluded that the spatial structure of agri-tourism should be based on the theory of landscape ecology,in stead of traditional land planning.