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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 2860-2867.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202009.003

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

短期封育对科尔沁沙地榆树疏林土壤微生物群落结构的影响

张胜男,闫德仁*,黄海广,胡小龙   

  1. (内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院, 呼和浩特 010010)
  • 出版日期:2020-09-10 发布日期:2021-03-10

Effects of short-term fencing on soil microbial community structure in Ulmus pumila scattered woodland of Horqin Sandy Land.  

ZHANG Sheng-nan, YAN De-ren*, HUANG Hai-guang, HU Xiao-long   

  1. (Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China)
  • Online:2020-09-10 Published:2021-03-10

摘要: 土壤微生物群落结构变化及其与土壤养分和酶活性相互作用的研究能够客观认识短期封育对沙地退化榆树疏林生态系统功能恢复的影响。本研究以短期封育和自由放牧的榆树疏林为对象,采用16S rRNA基因和ITS基因高通量测序技术研究了短期封育和自由放牧对科尔沁沙地榆树疏林土壤微生物群落组成变化特征及其与土壤养分和酶活性的相互关系。结果表明,沙地榆树疏林土壤中最优势细菌和真菌类群分别为放线菌门和子囊菌门,其在封育区和放牧区占有比例分别为40.63%和43.02%,76.19%和66.42%;封育后的沙地榆树疏林土壤细菌由缓慢生长型细菌主导转变为快速生长型细菌主导;封育不仅明显增加了土壤细菌和真菌的特有OTU数量,而且降低了土壤细菌/真菌比值,同时封育使土壤真菌的α多样性和丰度分别比放牧区提高77.89%和70.78%,说明封育改善了土壤真菌栖息环境,有利于真菌的生长;土壤养分和酶活性与土壤细菌和真菌的相互作用在封育区更显著,表明短期封育能够显著影响沙地榆树疏林土壤微生物的群落组成。

关键词: 封育, 榆树疏林, 微生物多样性, 微生物生态, 高通量测序

Abstract: Uncovering the change of soil microbial community composition and its interaction with soil nutrients and enzyme activities is the precondition for better understanding the shortterm effects of fencing on the recovery of ecosystem function in Ulmus pumila scattered woodland. In this study, 16S rRNA gene and ITS gene high-throughput sequencing technology was used to examine microbial community composition in response to shortterm fencing and continued grazing in Ulmus pumila scattered woodland of Horqin Sandy Land. The correlation between microbial community composition and soil nutrient concentrations was analyzed. The results showed that the dominant bacteria belonged to Actinobacteria in phylum level, with a proportion of 40.63% and 43.02% in fencing lands and grazing lands, respectively. The dominant fungi belonged to Ascomycota, with a proportion of 76.19% and 66.42% in fencing lands and grazing lands, respectively. Fencing shifted community composition of bacteria from slow growing bacteria to fast growing bacteria. Fencing significantly increased the number of OTUs of soil bacteria and fungi, but reduced the soil bacteria/fungi ratio. Fencing significantly increased α-diversity and relative abundance of soil fungi by 77.89% and 70.78% compared to grazing lands. This result indicated that fencing improved the habitat environment of the fungi and thus is beneficial to their growth. Soil bacterial and fungal community composition were positively correlated with soil nutrients and enzyme activities in fencing lands, indicating that short-term fencing could affect soil microbial community composition.

Key words: fencing, Ulmus pumila scattered woodland, microbial diversity, microbial ecology, high-throughput sequencing.