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采煤沉陷地微地形改造及其应用研究进展

李斯佳1,王金满1,2*,万德鹏1,白中科1,2   

  1. 1中国地质大学土地科学技术学院, 北京 100083;2国土资源部土地整治重点实验室, 北京 100035)
  • 出版日期:2018-06-10 发布日期:2018-06-10

Micro-landform modification and its application in coal-mining subsidence area: A review.

LI Si-jia1, WANG Jin-man1,2*, WAN De-peng1, BAI Zhong-ke1,2   

  1. (1College of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 2Key Laboratory of Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Land and Resources, Beijing 100035, China).
  • Online:2018-06-10 Published:2018-06-10

摘要: 井工采煤导致地表沉陷进而引发水土流失,微地形改造对沉陷地水土流失控制效果明显,但理论研究尚有欠缺,特别是对水土流失的控制机理不明确。为了进一步探索微地形改造的基础理论,研究微地形改造对采煤沉陷地水土流失与植被恢复的影响机理,本文在系统总结国内外相关研究的基础上,综述了采煤沉陷区微地形变化特征及水土流失规律、微地形改造方法、沉陷土地微地形改造应用及其生态环境效应的研究进展。总结发现:(1)采煤沉陷在沉陷区地表带来新的微地形变化;(2)微地形改造方法对土壤水肥特性、土壤侵蚀和植被恢复均有影响,但许多作用机理依然不明确;(3)微地形整地措施在采煤沉陷地有较好的水土保持与植被恢复效果,但许多研究方向不够深入,需进一步加强。针对当前研究的不足,提出了今后采煤沉陷地复垦微地形改造的研究方向,包括研发采煤塌陷地微地形及其改造的信息获取方法、探讨采煤沉陷地微地形的水文过程、加强采煤沉陷地微地形改造的效应机理分析、研究采煤沉陷地微地形设计与改造方法和技术体系等。

关键词: 小型兽类, 空间分布格局, 农耕区, 群落结构

Abstract: Underground coal-mining leads to severe surface subsidence and thus accelerates soil erosion in the subsidence area. The effects of micro-landform modification on the control of soil and water losses have been observed. However, the theoretical studies of micro-landform modification are still insufficient, and the underlying mechanisms on the control of soil and water losses are unclear. To explore the basic theory of micro-topography modification and analyze its effect mechanisms on soil erosion and vegetation restoration in coal-mining subsidence area, we reviewed the research progresses on micro-landform modification and its application in coal-mining subsidence area. There are three main contents, including the micro-landform features and the law of soil and water loss in coal-mining subsidence area, the measures of micro-landform modification, and the application of micro-landform modification and its effects on ecologicalenvironment. The results showed that: (1) the underground coal-mining can result in new micro-landform changes. (2) The measures of micro-landform modification affect soil moisture, soil fertility, soil erosion, and vegetation restoration, with many of the underlying mechanisms being unclear; (3) The micro-landform modification has positive effects on soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration in coal-mining subsidence area, but related research is not profound enough and needs to be further strengthened. Considering the deficiencies of the current theoretical research and practical application, we put forward future researches on the micro-landform modification in coal-mining subsidence lands, including developing information acquisition methods for micro-landform and its transformation in coal mining subsidence area, exploring the hydrological processes of micro-landform, deepening the underlying mechanism analysis of the micro-landform modification in coal mining subsidence area, and developing the designing modes and technical system of microlandform.

Key words: spatial distribution pattern., agricultural area, community structure, small mammal