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天然石墨矿及球形石墨价值的能值核算

杨青1,2,耿涌3*,孙露4,5,刘哲6,董会娟3,于晓曼7,吕晓蓉2,8#br#   

  1. (1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所污染生态与环境工程重点实验室, 沈阳 110016; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3上海交通大学环境科学与工程学院, 上海  200240; 4东京大学新领域创新成科学研究科环境系统学专攻, 柏市 2778561; 5日本国立环境研究所社会环境系统研究中心, 筑波 3050821; 6加拿大达尔豪斯大学资源与环境学院, 哈里法克斯市 B3H4R2; 7沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室, 沈阳 110866; 8中国科学院测量与地球物理研究所, 武汉 430077)
  • 出版日期:2017-09-10 发布日期:2017-09-10

Emergy accounting on natural graphite and spherical graphite.

YANG Qing1,2, GENG Yong3*, SUN Lun4,5, LIU Zhe6, DONG Hui-juan3, YU Xiao-man7, LÜ Xiao-rong2,8#br#   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200240, China; 4 Department of Environment Systems, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwashi, Chiba 277-8563, Japan; 5 National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; 6School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H4R2, Canada; 7 National Engineering Laboratory for High Efficiency Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; 8 Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430077, China).
  • Online:2017-09-10 Published:2017-09-10

摘要: 目前资源匮乏是全世界面临的问题,资源性产品价格偏低,导致经济发展中对其消耗巨大和开发过度。首先,本文主要运用能值分析方法,核算了天然石墨和球形石墨的能值价值。结果显示,2015年天然石墨和2010年球形石墨能值分别为1.73E+17、2.18E+17 sej·t-1,按照当年美元兑换人民币汇率的能值货币价格分别约为130000和160000元·t-1,而其2015年天然石墨和2010年球形石墨出厂价分别为4500和14000~18000元·t-1,因此,二者的市场价格远低于其能值价值。其次,本文定量评估了球形石墨生产过程中生态环境贡献和损失及对人体健康的危害。结果显示,生态环境贡献较小为1.74E+13 sej·t-1,而生态服务功能损失很大,为2.06E+15 sej·t-1,烟尘对人体健康的危害最大。本研究能为石墨产品等资源性产品的科学定价,石墨贸易市场秩序的完善,石墨产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌群落, 砂姜黑土, 施肥管理, 有机物料, 高通量测序

Abstract: Currently, resource shortage is a global issue. The low resource prices have resulted in extensive consumption and overexploitation in order to meet with the demand of economic development. Firstly, this study applied emergy analysis to calculate the emergy values of natural graphite and spherical graphite. The results show that the emergy values were 1.73E+17 for natural graphite in 2015 and 2.18E+17 sej·t-1 for spherical graphite in 2010, respectively. According to the corresponding exchange rates between US dollar and RMB, the Emdollars of the natural graphite in 2015 and spherical graphite in 2010 were around 130000 and 160000 ¥·t-1, respectively. Meanwhile, their corresponding market prices were only 4500 and 14000-18000 ¥·t-1, respectively. This means that their market prices were far lower than their emergy values. In addition, the emergy values of ecosystem contribution, ecological loss, and damage to human health from spherical graphite production system were also evaluated in this paper. The results show that the emergy value of ecosystem contribution was 1.74E+13 sej·t-1, while the emergy value of ecosystem service loss was 2.06E+15 sej·t-1 (much larger than the former one), and the largest damage to human health was dust in this system. This study provides valuable suggestions for preparing appropriate prices of graphite products, normalizing graphite trade and ensuring that graphite industry is moving toward sustainable development.

Key words: fertilization management, organic fertilizer, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community, pyrosequencing, lime concretion black soil