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基于ArcGIS的福建南部地区林火管理资源分布优化

杨夏捷1,2,苏漳文1,2,田超1,2,靳全锋1,2,郭福涛1,2*#br#   

  1. (1福建农林大学林学院, 福州 350002; 2海峡两岸红壤区水土保持协同创新中心, 福州 350002)
  • 出版日期:2017-04-10 发布日期:2017-04-10

Optimization of resource distribution of forest fire management in southern Fujian based on ArcGIS.

YANG Xia-jie1,2, SU Zhang-wen1,2, Tian Chao1,2, JIN Quan-feng1,2, GUO Fu-tao1,2*#br#   

  1. (1 College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 2Collaborative Innovation Center of Soil and Water Conservation in Red Soil Region of the CrossStrait, Fuzhou 350002, China).
  • Online:2017-04-10 Published:2017-04-10

摘要: 研究基于逻辑斯蒂回归和ArcGIS,以2000—2010年该地区火点数据为基础,结合气候、植被、地形及人口和社会经济数据,对厦门、漳州和泉州等福建南部地区主要森林城市进行森林火险等级划分。在此基础上,应用不同方法对研究区域进行防火瞭望塔选址分析并加以比较,同时根据火险区划结果,综合考虑高火险区域、公路以及居民点的距离等因素进行林火扑救区规划,实现对研究区域森林火灾的管理区划。结果表明:高程、坡度、日最小相对湿度、距离铁路的距离、距离公路的距离、距离居民点的距离、日最高地表气温、日最低地表气温、日降水量、日照时数、日最高气温和GDP等12个因素与林火的发生存在显著相关,且模型的预测准确率达到74.0%。利用该模型进行火险等级区划,发现该地区高火险面积约占33.58%,且分布不均。防火瞭望塔选址的研究结果显示,传统方法、构建20 km×20 km网格和10 km×10 km网格,对于高火险区域的瞭望可见率分别为25.63%、42.25%和63.38%。利用层次分析法对林火扑救区划分的结果显示,到高火险地区距离、到公路距离和到居民点距离的权重分别为0.620、0.284和0.096,通过ArcGIS加权叠加得到相应的扑救区优化图。研究结果可为我国南方山地区域林火预防与管理工作提供一定的支持。

关键词: 树龄, 栓皮栎, 纬度, 碳氮同位素, 环境因子

Abstract: To investigate the factors responsible for forest fires in major cities of southern Fujian from 2000-2010, logistic regression model and ArcGIS application were carried out. Climate, vegetation, terrain, population density, and socioeconomic factors were considered in this study. Watchtower locations and fire management divisions were also analyzed. The results revealed that 12 factors including elevation, slope, daily minimum relative humidity, the distance to railway, the distance to highway, the distance to the nearest residential area, daily maximum surface temperature, daily minimum surface temperature, daily precipitation, sunshine duration, daily maximum temperature and GDP were significantly correlated with forest fires. The forecast accuracy of the regression model exhibited 74.0%. The fire danger grading with the model was also investigated and found that areas of high fire dangers took up 33.58% and these fire dangers were distributed unevenly. Watchtower site selection results showed that visible rates of traditional way, 20 km × 20 km gridding, and 10 km × 10 km gridding were 25.63%, 42.25% and 63.38% respectively for the high fire danger area. As for the division of forest fire protection and extinguishing area, the results form AHP showed that weights of the distances to high fire risk areas, roads and residential areas were 0.620, 0.284 and 0.096, respectively. By weighted superposition, the corresponding division map of forest fire protection and extinguishing area was made by ArcGIS. The results can provide some support for forest fire prevention and management in mountainous regions of southern China.

Key words: latitude, ontogeny, Quercus variabilis, carbon and nitrogen isotope, environmental factor