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植食性昆虫的组成和波动对红树林群落演替的影响

刘文爱1,薛云红1,甄文全2,孙仁杰1,范航清1*   

  1. 1广西科学院广西红树林研究中心, 广西红树林保护与利用重点实验室, 广西北海 536000;2北部湾大学海洋学院, 广西钦州 535011)
  • 出版日期:2020-06-10 发布日期:2020-06-10

Effects of composition and fluctuation of phytophagous insects on succession of mangrove communities.

LIU Wen-ai1, XUE Yun-hong1, ZHEN Wen-quan2, SUN Ren-jie1, FAN Hang-qing1*   

  1. (1 Key Laboratory of Guangxi Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Mangrove Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences,  Beihai 536000, Guangxi, China; 2Ocean College of Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011,  Guangxi, China).
  • Online:2020-06-10 Published:2020-06-10

摘要: 为了解红树植物植食性昆虫在不同季节、不同潮位和不同寄主植物上的种类、密度差异和主要特点及其对红树植物树冠层所造成的影响,进而分析植食性昆虫对红树植物群落演替的影响,在山口红树林保护区设置5个断面,分别于雨季(7月)和旱季(2月),在每个断面的高潮位(H)、中潮位(M)和低潮位(L)针对不同植物抽样,统计叶片被食率,记录植食性昆虫的种类和密度。植食性昆虫共有23种,其中鳞翅目有13种,半翅目8种,鞘翅目1种,直翅目1种,真螨目1种。主要昆虫种类有海榄雌瘤斑螟(Ptyomaxia sp.)、毛颚小卷蛾(Lasiognatha cellifera)、白囊袋蛾(Chalioides kondonis)、广翅蜡蝉(Ricania sp.)、潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistissp.)和蛎盾蚧(Lepidosaphes sp.)。雨季和旱季的密度均为广翅蜡蝉较高(7.31头·枝-1);不同断面红树植物叶片被食率旱季为C5>C2≥C3≥C1,雨季为C5>C2≥C3≥C1>C4;不同潮位的叶片被食率旱季为中潮位≥高潮位>低潮位,雨季为中潮位>低潮位≥高潮位;不同树种的叶片被食率旱季为秋茄≥桐花树≥红海榄≥白骨壤,雨季为秋茄>桐花树>白骨壤≥红海榄≥木榄≥无瓣海桑≥海漆。红树植物叶片上的昆虫多为小型个体,植食性为主,多具有卷叶习性和粘附特征;蚂蚁、寄生蜂和捕食性蜘蛛等天敌类昆虫种类较少,昆虫密度一旦增加,较大可能会变成害虫,从而对树冠层的稳定造成较大的影响。植食性昆虫可在一定程度上推动红树林群落的演替。

关键词: nifH基因, 群落组成, 豆禾间作, 荧光定量PCR, 高通量测序

Abstract: To understand the taxonomic diversity, abundance and main characteristics of herbivorous insects in mangrove plants among different seasons, at different tidal levels and on different host plants, and their effects on mangrove canopy, and thus to assess the effects of phytophagous insects on mangrove community succession, five sections were established during the rainy (July) and dry (February) seasons. Insects were collected from different plant species in each section to estimate leaf feeding rate at high tide (H), mid-tide (M), and low tide level (L). Abundance and diversity of phytophagous insects were recorded. A total of 23 species of phytophagous insects were identified; with 13 species from Lepidoptera, 8 from Coleoptera, 1 from Orthoptera, and 1 from Acariforms. The abundant species were Ptyomaxia sp.,Lasiognatha cellifera,Chalioides kondonis,Ricaniasp., Phyllocnistis sp., Chalin larminati, and Lepidosaphes sp. The frequency of occurrence of Ricania sp. in rainy season and dry season was the highest (7.31 head·branch-1). Leaf ingestion rate of mangrove plants in different sections was in a sequence of C5 > C2 ≥ C3 ≥ C1 in dry season and C5 > C2 ≥ C3 ≥ C4 in rainy season. In dry season, leaf feeding rate at different tidal levels followed the sequence of midtide ≥ high tide > low tide; in rainy season, it was midtide > low tide > high tide. The leaf feeding rate of different tree species during the dry season was Kandelia candelAegiceras corniculatum ≥Rhizophora stylosaAvicennia marina, while in rainy season, it was K. candel > A. corniculatum>A. marinaR. stylosaBruguiera gymnorhizaSonneratia apetalaExcoecaria agallocha. Insects on the leaves of mangrove plants were generally small in stature, mainly phytophagous, and most of them have leaf-curling habits and adhesion characters. Species of natural predatory insects, such as ants, parasitoids and predatory spiders, are few. Once the abundance increases, those insects may become pests, with consequences on canopy stability. Therefore, phytophagous insects can influence the succession of mangrove communities.

Key words: legume-oat intercropping, nifH gene, high-throughput sequencing, real-time PCR, community composition.