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滇东北地区的蚂蚁物种多样性

黄钊,徐正会*,刘霞,李丽梅,王亚丽,史生慧,石云,陈志峰   

  1. (西南林业大学生物多样性保护学院, 云南省森林灾害预警与控制重点实验室, 昆明 650224)
  • 出版日期:2019-12-10 发布日期:2019-12-10

Ant species diversity in northeastern Yunnan.

HUANG Zhao, XU Zheng-hui*, LIU Xia, LI Li-mei, WANG Ya-li, SHI Sheng-hui, SHI Yun, CHEN Zhi-feng   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province, College of Biodiversity Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China).
  • Online:2019-12-10 Published:2019-12-10

摘要: 采用样地调查法研究了滇东北地区的蚂蚁物种多样性。结果表明:在滇东北地区合计记录蚂蚁6亚科、41属、120种,蚂蚁群落中发现优势种2个(沃森大头蚁Pheidole watsoni Forel和樱花帕拉蚁Paraparatrechina sakurae Ito),常见种6个,较常见种14个,较稀有种33个,稀有种65个;5个垂直带的物种丰富度顺序为大雪槽北坡(70种)>药山西坡(50种)>镇雄北坡(47种)>大雪槽南坡(39种)>小草坝北坡(36种);各样地蚂蚁群落主要指标物种数目1~26种(平均11.8种),个体密度0.2~1136.0头·m-2(平均224.5头·m-2),多样性指数0.0000~2.1759(平均1.2763),均匀度指数0.3426~0.8422(平均0.5657),优势度指数为0.1702~1.0000(平均0.4010);5个垂直带蚂蚁群落间相似性系数0.1622~0.4821(平均0.3141);蚂蚁群落物种数目、个体密度、多样性指数总体随海拔升高而降低,海拔和气温对蚂蚁群落主要指标起决定作用;蚂蚁群落主要指标普遍表现出多域效应现象,由气候因素和人为干扰共同促成,主要成因是人为干扰;滇东北地区5个垂直带受到人类不同程度的干扰,以大雪槽为核心的乌蒙山自然保护区、以药山为核心的药山自然保护区依然保存了面积较大的天然林,加之该地区多雾和高湿度的气候特点,其蚂蚁区系和多样性处于云南省的中等水平,不同垂直带蚂蚁群落间差异明显,具有不同的生态功能和保护价值。

关键词: 植被春季物候, 卫星数据, 气候变化, 时空分布特征

Abstract: We surveyed ant species diversity of the northeast Yunnan with plot method. The results show that there are 120 species, 41 genera, and 6 subfamilies of Formicidae in the study area. Pheidole watsoni Forel and Paraparatrechina sakurae Ito are the dominant species. There were 6 common species, 14 relatively common species, 33 relatively rare species, and 65 rare species. The order of ant species richness on the five vertical zones is: north slope of Daxuecao (70 species) > west slope of Yaoshan (50 species) > north slope of Zhenxiong (47 species) > south slope of Daxuecao (39 species) > north slope of Xiaocaoba (36 species). Ant species richness, individual density, and diversity indices were generally decreasing with increasing altitude, suggesting that altitude and air temperature were the key factors driving species diversity of ant communities. The main indices of ant communities showed multi-domain effect, as they were affected by climatic factors and human disturbance, with a more important role of the latter one. Although the five vertical zones have been disturbed by human beings in varying degrees, large areas of natural forests are retained in the Wumengshan Nature Reserve with Daxuecao as the core zone and Yaoshan Nature Reserve with Mount Yaoshan as the core zone. Due to the fogy and humid climatic characteristics in the study area, ant fauna and diversity are at the average level of that in Yunnan Province. Ant communities vary vertically, with different ecological functions and conservation values.

Key words: spring vegetation phenology, spatio-temporal distribution, climate change, satellite data.