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紫茎泽兰入侵滇中不同森林群落的特征

宋紫玲1,彭明俊2,王崇云1*,彭明春1,李子刚3,朱守引1,彭晓昶1,刘鹏举1   

  1. 1云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所, 昆明 650091;2云南省林草研究院, 昆明 650204;3昆明市海口林场, 昆明 650114)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10

Characteristics of different forest communities invaded by Ageratina adenophora in central Yunnan, China.

SONG Zi-ling1, PENG Ming-jun2, WANG Chong-yun1*, PENG Ming-chun1, LI Zi-gang3, ZHU Shou-yin1, PENG Xiao-chang1, LIU Peng-ju1   

  1. (1Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; 2Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650204, China; 3Haikou Forest Farm, Kunming, Kunming 650114, China).
  • Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10

摘要: 外来种紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)入侵森林群落,会对其物种多样性造成极大的影响。本文以云南省昆明市海口林场为例,对比分析不同森林群落的物种多样性差异与紫茎泽兰的相关性,探究群落类型及其特征与紫茎泽兰入侵的关系。结果表明,乔木层盖度和物种丰度与紫茎泽兰的株高和盖度呈极显著的负相关,灌木层、草本层盖度和物种丰度与紫茎泽兰的入侵无显著相关性,说明乔木层对紫茎泽兰的入侵影响更大。根据CCA排序,林区内森林群落可划分为两种类型:原生性较强的天然林和人工林;林区内道路距离是影响紫茎泽兰分布的重要因素。两种森林类型间,紫茎泽兰的重要值无显著性差异,紫茎泽兰的重要值与被入侵群落的Simpson优势度指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Alatatlo均匀度指数存在显著或极显著的负相关关系,与Shannon指数存在负相关关系但不显著,说明紫茎泽兰的入侵对森林群落的物种多样性有显著影响。原生林对紫茎泽兰有相对较高的抗性,但也与群落环境综合特征、距道路距离、人为干扰程度等有关。

关键词: 棉花, 衰老, 熟相, 生理生态, 调控

Abstract: Invasion of exotic species Ageratina adenophora into forest communities has great impacts on species diversity. Here, we examined the relationships between A. adenophora invasion and the species diversity of different forest communities in Haikou Forest Farm, Kunming City, Yunnan. Our results showed that the coverage and species abundance of native plants in the tree layer were significantly negatively related to the height and coverage of A. adenophora, and the invasion was not related to that of shrub and herb species, suggesting that the tree layer exhibited greater effects on the invasion of A. adenophora. According to the CCA, the forest communities in this area could be divided into two groups: (a) natural forests and secondary forests with less disturbance, and (b) plantation forests and secondary forests with stronger disturbance. The distance from the roads of the forests was a major factor affecting the distribution of A. adenophora. The importance value of A. adenophora showed a nonsignificant difference between the two groups. In addition, the importance value of A. adenophora was negatively correlated with the Simpson dominance index, Pielou evenness index, and Alatatlo evenness index, but was not correlated with the Shannon index. Therefore, A. adenophora’s invasion had notable impacts on the species diversity of the invaded forest communities. The primary forests had relatively high resistance to the invasion of A. adenophora, which was also related to the comprehensive characteristics of the communities, the distance from the roads, and the degree of human disturbance.

Key words: cotton, leaf senescence, maturity performance, eco-physiology, regulation.