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黄河上游高寒草地土壤全氮含量分布特征及其影响因素

苟照君1,李英年2*,刘峰贵1*,陈锐杰1   

  1. 1青海师范大学地理科学学院, 西宁 810008;2中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 西宁 810001)
  • 出版日期:2019-09-10 发布日期:2019-09-10

Distribution and influencing factors of soil total nitrogen in alpine grassland of upper Yellow River.

GOU Zhao-jun1, LI Ying-nian2*, LIU Feng-gui1*, CHEN Rui-jie1   

  1. (1College of Geographic Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, China; 2Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China).
  • Online:2019-09-10 Published:2019-09-10

摘要: 高寒草地是青藏高原独特的生态系统,其全氮含量分布特征对草地质量有着决定性的影响。基于样点监测数据,分析了黄河源区高寒草地全氮含量与地理环境因子的相关性,并利用地理探测器探讨了地理环境单因子及其复合因子对全氮空间异质性分布的影响。结果表明:(1)不同类型植被土壤全氮含量存在明显的差异,表现出线叶嵩草(Kobresia capillifolia)草甸>小嵩草(K. pygmaea)草甸>紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)草原>西藏嵩草(K. tibetica)+薹草(Carex cinerascens)草甸>青海固沙草(Orinus kokonorica)草原>异针茅(S. aliena)草原>小嵩草+矮嵩草(K. humilis)草甸,对应的土壤为草甸土、黑钙土、黑毡土、草毡土、栗钙土。(2)区域土壤全氮含量与海拔、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度和植被类型呈正相关,与年降水量、≥0 ℃积温、年平均气温、土壤类型呈显著负相关;其中海拔、坡度、年降水量对土壤全氮含量的贡献率最高,均为1,≥0 ℃积温、年均气温、地形起伏度、植被类型、土壤类型对土壤全氮含量的贡献率分别为0.72、0.74、0.59、0.88、0.17。(3)年均气温与土壤类型、地形起伏度、植被类型,地形起伏度与植被类型、土壤类型,植被类型与土壤类型相互间对土壤全氮含量的作用为非线性增强,而其余因子之间对全氮含量的作用为非线性减弱,说明土壤全氮含量的空间变异性是各环境因子共同作用的结果,揭示了土壤全氮含量空间异质性分布影响因子的多样性和复杂性。

关键词: 毛竹入侵, 土壤真菌, 群落特征, 阔叶林, 天目山

Abstract: Alpine grassland is a unique ecosystem in the Qinghai-ibet Plateau, whose quality is determined by the distribution of total nitrogen content. Based on monitoring data, we analyzed the relationship between soil total nitrogen content and geographical factors of alpine grassland in the headwater region of the Yellow River. We used Geodetector to examine the effects of single or multiple geographical factors on the spatial distribution of soil total nitrogen. The results showed that: (1) There were obvious differences in total nitrogen content among different vegetation types, that is, Kobresia capillifolia meadow>K. pygmaea meadow>Stipa purpurea steppe>K. tibetica and Carex cinerascens meadow>Orinus kokonoricaStepp>S. aliena steppe>K. pygmaea and K. humilis meadow, which corresponded to meadow soil, chernozem, dark felty soil, alpine meadow soil and chestnut soil, respectively. (2) Soil total nitrogen content was positively correlated to altitude, slope, aspect, topography and vegetation type, and was negatively correlated to annual rainfall, ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature, annual average temperature and soil type. Meanwhile, altitude, slope, and annual average rainfall functioned most with the coefficient 1, while the ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature, annual average temperature, slope, vegetation, and soil type had coefficients of 0.72, 0.74, 0.59, 0.88 and 0.17, respectively. (3) The relationships between mean annual temperature, soil type, topography, and vegetation type, between topography, vegetation type and soil type, and between vegetation and soil type had nonlinear increasing effects on total nitrogen content, while the relationship among other factors had nonlinear decreasing effects. We conclude that the spatial heterogeneity of total nitrogen content is affected by the variety and complexity of environment factors.

Key words: Phyllostachys edulis invasion, soil fungi, community characteristic, broadleaf forest, Tianmu Mountain.