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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 2529-2533.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

北京地区野生植物果实类型谱及沿海拔分布格局

于顺利**,方伟伟,张小凤   

  1. 1中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化重点实验室, 北京 100093)
  • 出版日期:2012-10-10 发布日期:2012-10-10

Fruit type spectra and their altitudinal distribution patterns of wild plants in Beijing.

YU Shun-li**, FANG Wei-wei, ZHANG Xiao-feng   

  1. (State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China)
  • Online:2012-10-10 Published:2012-10-10

摘要: 陆地生态系统的果实类型谱是植物对环境长期适应演化的结果。本文分析了北京地区的所有被子植物1371种以及4种生活型(乔木、灌木、草本、藤本)的果实类型谱,并调查了北京西部东灵山的植物果实类型谱的海拔梯度变化格局。结果表明:北京果实类型中蒴果的比例最高,其次为瘦果、坚果、颖果、浆果、荚果等;北京果实类型中肉果比例占13.57%,干果比例占86.43%;干果中裂果比例占35.6%,闭果比例占50.83%。4种生活型中果实类型的构成式样相差较大,乔木中坚果比例最高,其肉果比例为32.7%,干果比例为67.3%;灌木中浆果比例最高,其肉果比例为49.2%,干果比例为50.8%;草本中瘦果比例最高,其肉果比例为6.4%,干果比例为93.6%;藤本中浆果占绝对优势,其肉果比例为52.2%,干果比例为47.8%,这些特征与北京地区所在的温带气候和地理位置(较高纬度和较低海拔)相适应。在东灵山地区,随着海拔的升高,肉果的比例逐渐降低,从海拔为1083 m的18.52%至海拔2100 m处消失,而干果的比例则逐渐升高,从80.95%以致达到100%。随着海拔的升高,肉果、核果、浆果的比例显著下降,而干果的比例明显上升,原因为随着海拔的升高,水热条件变得较为严酷,不利于核果、浆果等植物的生存,更适合瘦果、蒴果等植物的生长。本研究对理解北京山地果实类型分布格局与当地气候的关系以及陆地生态系统对自然环境的长期适应演化具有一定的意义。

关键词: 冷激锻炼, 番茄幼苗, 耐热性, 花芽分化

Abstract: The fruit type spectrum of terrestrial ecosystem is a result of long-term adaptation evolution to the environment. In this paper, the fruit type spectra of 1371 wild seed plants and their four life forms (tree, shrub, herb, and liana) in Beijing area were analyzed, and the distribution patterns of the fruit type spectra along an altitudinal gradient in Donglingshan Mountain in western Beijing were investigated. Among the fruit types of the seed plants, capsule was the dominant, followed by achene, nut, caryopsis, berry, and legume. The percentage of fleshy fruits was 13.57%, and that of dry fruits was 86.43%. Among the dry fruits, dehiscent fruits occupied 35.6%, and indehiscent fruits occupied 50.83%. Large differences occurred in the fruit type spectra of the 4 life forms. Nut was the dominant fruit type in trees, berry was the dominant fruit type in shrubs and lianas, and achene was the dominant fruit type in herbs. The percentages of fleshy fruits and dry fruits were 32.7% and 67.3% in trees, 49.2% and 50.8% in shrubs, 6.4% and 93.6% in herbs, and 52.2% and 47.8% in lianas, respectively. All these fruit type characteristics were related to the adaptation of the fruit types to the warm temperate climate and geographical position (higher altitude and lower altitude) in Beijing. In the Dongilingshan Mountain in western Beijing, the percentage of fleshy fruits decreased gradually from 18.52% at 1083 m alt. to zero at 2100 m alt., while the percentage of dry fruits increased gradually from 80.95% to 100% with rising altitude. The percentages of berry and drupe had significant negative relationships to altitude because the heat and moisture condition at increasing altitude became unfavorable to the growth of berry and drupe plants, but favorable to the achene and capsule plants. This study could have significance in understanding the relationships between the fruit type spectra of wild plants in Beijing area and the local climate as well as the longterm adaptation evolution of terrestrial ecosystems to their natural environment.

Key words: cold-shock, tomato seedling, heat resistance, flower bud differentiation.