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全球森林土壤氮素总转化速率的调控因素及空间分布

赵婷1,2,张军辉1*,王芳1,2,耿世聪1,2   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049)
  • 出版日期:2018-12-10 发布日期:2018-12-10

Controlling factors and spatial distribution of gross N transformation rate of global forest soils.

ZHAO Ting1,2, ZHANG Jun-hui1*, WANG Fang1,2, GENG Shi-cong1,2   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China).
  • Online:2018-12-10 Published:2018-12-10

摘要: 土壤氮素总转化速率及其相对强弱决定了土壤保氮、供氮能力。分析森林土壤氮素总转化速率调控因素,对于了解森林生态系统的生产力、氮素循环及环境变化有重要的意义。本文利用随机森林模型分析了全球范围内36篇关于森林土壤氮转化的文献,结果发现,影响森林土壤氮素总矿化速率的关键因素为:全氮>砂粒含量>年均温>凋萎系数;影响森林土壤总硝化速率的关键因素为:全氮>全碳>砂粒含量>阳离子交换量;影响森林土壤硝酸盐异化还原为铵(DNRA)速率的关键因素为:黏粒含量>土壤有效含水量>凋萎系数>阳离子交换量。据此,建立了全球森林土壤氮素总转化速率随机森林模型,并给出了全球尺度森林土壤总矿化速率、总硝化速率和DNRA速率的空间分布。结果发现,氮素总矿化速率的变化范围为1.672~64.016 mg N·kg-1·d-1;总硝化速率的变化范围为0.866~16.984mg N·kg-1·d-1;DNRA速率的变化范围为0.030~2.045 mg N·kg-1·d-1。土壤氮素总转化速率具有较大的空间异质性,具体表现在:全球大部分地区3种转化速率水平均很低;而最大转化速率的空间分布有重叠,出现在北美洲西北部地区、欧洲西北部地区以及欧亚大陆连接处地区。

关键词: 狼毒, 土壤真菌多样性, 地统计学, 高通量测序, 空间变异, GIS

Abstract: The total transformation rate of soil N and its relative strength determine N conservation and supply capacity of soils. Studies on the controlling factors of total N transformation rate of forest soils have great significance for understanding productivity, N cycling and environmental change of forest ecosystems. Here we conducted random forest model analysis upon 36 literatures of forest soil gross N transformation. We found that critical factors influencing the gross N mineralization rate were in order of TN> SNDPPT>MAT>WWP, the critical factors influencing the gross nitration rate were in order of TN>TC> SNDPPT>CEC, and the critical factors influencing the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rate were in order of CLY>AWC>WWP>CEC. Then, a random forest model of total N transformation rate in forest soils was constructed and the spatial distribution of gross soil N mineralization rate, gross nitrification rate and DNRA rate were delivered. The results showed that the gross N mineralization rate ranged 1.672-64.016 mg N·kg-1·d-1, the gross nitration rate was 0.866-16.984 mg N·kg-1·d-1, and the DNRA rate was 0.030-2.045 mg N·kg-1·d-1. The gross transformation rate of soil N had substantial spatial heterogeneity. Specifically, these three transformation rates were very low in most parts of the world, and the spatial distribution of the maximum transformation rates overlapped in northwestern North America, northwestern Europe, and the Eurasian Continental junction.

Key words: Stellera chamaejasme, soil fungal diversity, geostatistics, high-throughput sequencing, spatial heterogeneity, GIS