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黑龙江流域绥芬河水系野生洛氏鱥胚胎发育

郭文学1,张永泉1,佟广香1,陈子文2,齐鹏2,尹家胜1**   

  1. (1中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所, 哈尔滨 150070; 2东北农业大学动物科技学院水产系, 哈尔滨 150030)
  • 出版日期:2015-09-10 发布日期:2015-09-10

Embryonic development of wild Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowskii collected from Suifen River in Heilong River Valley.

GUO Wen-xue1, ZHANG Yong-quan1, TONG Guang-xiang1, CHEN Zi-wen2, QI Peng2, YIN Jia-sheng1**   

  1. (1Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China; 2College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)
  • Online:2015-09-10 Published:2015-09-10

摘要:

采用活体观察和固定观察2种方法,对野生洛氏鱥胚胎发育进行了系统观察,分析了洛氏鱥胚胎及仔鱼发育过程及各时期特点。结果表明:洛氏鱥成熟卵为圆球形,米黄色,略透明,卵沉粘性,卵膜适中,略有弹性;受精卵吸水后极度膨胀,弹性增大明显;受精卵在水温15.0~17.1 ℃条件下,历经170 h孵出,整个发育期间所需积温为2612.8 ℃·h,整个胚胎发育过程可分为受精卵、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、器官形成至破膜等6个阶段,各阶段发育所需积温分别为17.0、119.0、145.0、132.0、164.0、2035.8 ℃·h;在胚胎发育期间,许多器官分化形成,至孵化时,胚胎已具有较完善的内部器官,胸鳍、尾鳍、臀鳍均已形成,背鳍原基开始出现;初孵仔鱼卵黄囊为长椭圆形,鱼体透明,无色素,3日龄仔鱼黑斑呈块状,卵黄基本吸收完全,不久便可以摄食单胞藻、草履虫或蛋黄。
 

关键词: 遮阴, 夏玉米, 产量, 增光, 叶绿体超微结构

Abstract:

The features of embryonic and early larvae development of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowskii were studied by live body observing and fixed samples observing methods. The results showed that the mature oocyte eggs of wild P. lagowskii are spherical in shape, slightly transparent with light yellow in color, sinkadhesive with moderate and elastic egg envelopes. At water temperature of 15.0-17.1 ℃, the development of fertilized eggs from fertilization to hatching took 170 h with an accumulative temperatures of 2612.8 ℃·h. The whole embryonic development processes of P. lagowskii were divided into 6 stages, including fertilization stage, cell division stage, blastula stage, gastrula stage, neurula stage and organogenesis stage, and the accumulative temperatures of each stage were 17.0, 119.0, 145.0, 132.0, 164.0, and 2035.8 ℃·h, respectively. The organs differentiated during the embryonic development stage and basically formed after hatching, and pectoral fin, caudal fin and anal fin were fully differentiated, and dorsal fin anlage appeared. The newly hatched larvae were diaphanous and nonpigmented with an ellipticshape yolk sac. At 3 days after hatching, black spots at body surface gathered into blocktype and the yolk sac was nearly exhausted, soon after the larvae can ate exogenousfood such as microalgal diets, paramecia and egg yolk.
 

Key words: summer maize, increasing light, shading, chloroplast ultrastructure, grain yield