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黑河上游天然草地亚洲小车蝗雌雄虫的空间格局

查高德,赵成章**,张军霞,殷翠琴,党晶晶,杨泉   

  1. (西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃省湿地资源保护与产业发展工程研究中心, 兰州 730070)
  • 出版日期:2013-11-10 发布日期:2013-11-10

Spatial pattern of male and female Oedaleus asiaticus in the upper reaches of Heihe River, western China.

ZHA Gao-de, ZHAO Cheng-zhang**, ZHANG Jun-xia, YIN Cui-qin, DANG Jing-jing, YANG Quan   

  1. (Research Center of Wetland Resources Protection and Industrial Development Engineering of Gansu Province, College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China)
  • Online:2013-11-10 Published:2013-11-10

摘要: 蝗虫雌雄类群对地形响应的空间异质性格局,反映了蝗虫种群适应生境的多样性特征的资源协同进化机制。在2009年7—8月野外调查的基础上,借助GIS和S-PLUS软件,利用广义相加模型(GAM)研究了祁连山北坡黑河上游亚洲小车蝗(Oedaleus asiaticus)雌虫与雄虫多度分布特征与海拔、坡向、坡度和剖面曲率等6类地形因子之间的关系。结果表明:亚洲小车蝗雌虫与雄虫具有不同的模型结构、模拟效果以及结果的稳定性,能够较好地体现二者所受地形因子影响的差异;各地形因子对亚洲小车蝗多度分布的影响不尽相同,海拔对亚洲小车蝗雌虫与雄虫多度的空间分布起主导控制作用,但雌虫在海拔梯度上的分布上限大于雄虫;剖面曲率和坡向因子分别对亚洲小车蝗雌虫与雄虫的多度分布起重要作用,雌虫主要分布在坡度高程变化率小的范围,雄虫主要集中在南坡与西南坡。亚洲小车蝗对生境选择的异质性属性,使雌雄蝗虫对各种地形要素响应的分布格局存在明显差异。

关键词: 传粉昆虫多样性, 群落相似性, 重要值, 地貌类型, 巩义市

Abstract:

It is important to study how male and female grasshoppers respond to topographyinduced environmental changes and to identify dominant topographic factors that affect the spatial distribution. The spatial heterogeneity pattern of male and female grasshoppers responding to terrain reflects the resource co-evolution mechanism that grasshoppers adapt to the diversity of habitats. Through field survey from July to August, 2009, by using the GIS and S-PLUS, we developed a GAM model for Oedaleus asiaticus in the upper reaches of Heihe River on the northern slope of Qilian Mountain. The topographic indices included elevation, direction, slope, position, profile and plane. The results showed that the structure and D2 values of models were different for male and female, so was the model stability in modeling, indicating their differences in response to the gradients of topographic indices. The gradient analysis in this model showed that male and female were distributed in a wide range of environments, in different gradients of elevation, direction, slope, position, profile and plan, in all land positions. However, this did not mean that the distribution of male and female was equally affected by each factor, or had a uniform distribution probability in the whole environmental range. The GAM modeling results indicated that the distribution of male and female were mainly controlled by the elevation, but the upper limit of elevation for distribution of the female grasshopper was higher than that of the male. On the regional distribution, there was higher abundance of the female in the whole region, but they were mainly located in the region with profile less than 0, and the male mainly concentrated in the south and southwest slopes. The heterogeneity attribute of O. asiaticus in selecting habitats made the spatial pattern of male and female in the same terrain obviously different.
 

Key words: pollinator diversity, geomorphic type, importance index, Gongyi City., community similarity,