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植物与低磷环境研究进展——诱导、适应与对策

戴开结1,2;何方1;官会林3;沈有信2,4;张光明5   

  1. 1中南林业科技大学, 长沙 410004;
    2中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 西双版纳 666303;
    3云南师范大学能源和环境科学学院, 昆明 650092;
    4中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100039;
    5中国科学院植物研究所, 北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2005-11-17 修回日期:2006-09-11 出版日期:2006-12-10 发布日期:2006-12-10

Research advances in plant and its low-phosphorus environment—inducement, adaptation and countermeasures

DAI Kaijie1,2;HE Fang1;GUAN Huilin3;SHEN Youxin2,4; ZHANG Guangming5   

  1. 1Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China;
    2Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xishuangbanna 666303, China;
    3College of Energy and Environment Science , Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China;
    4Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    5Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
  • Received:2005-11-17 Revised:2006-09-11 Online:2006-12-10 Published:2006-12-10

摘要: 自从20世纪70年代人们发现适应低磷土壤的作物根际磷的有效性明显增加的现象之后,植物与低磷环境的研究便引起了人们的重视。植物如何适应低磷环境和如何有效利用土壤磷素资源的问题已成为国内外当前的研究热点之一。研究表明,低磷条件下,植物根系形态结构会发生适应性变化,根冠间的物质分配会向根部倾斜使根冠比增加;植物根际酸度变化、有机酸分泌和磷酸酶释放有利于活化和利用土壤中的磷素资源;不同种类或品种的植物具有不同的磷营养效率基因型,具有不同亲和力的磷转运体,也具有不同的磷活化机制。人类对植物适应低磷机制的研究还将继续,揭示植物对低磷环境的响应对策和发掘植物有效利用磷素资源的潜力,在经济上和环保上均有非常现实的意义。

关键词: 转基因植物, 生物多样性, 农业生态系统

Abstract: The research of plant and its low-phosphorus environment has been attached importance since the finding in the 1970s that there was a marked increase of P availability in the rhizosphere of crops having adapted to low phosphorus environment. How plant adapts to low-phosphorus environment and makes effective use of soil phosphorus has become a hotspot both at home and abroad. Many researches indicate d that under low-phosphorus environment,plant root could make an adaptive change in morphology, and the matter allocation was inclined to root, inducing an increase of root/shoot ratio.The change of pH in rhizosphere, the exudation of organic acids, and the release of phosphatase were all beneficial to the activation and utilization of soil phosphorus. Different plant species or variety had different P-nutritional efficiency genotype, P-transporter system, and P-activation mechanism.The research on how plant adapts to low-phosphorus environment will be further continued,and it is of realistic significance for economy and environment protection to unveil the countermeasures of plant response to low-phosphorus environment, and to explore the potentialities of plant in making effective use of soil phosphorus.

Key words: Transgenic plant, Biodiversity, Agroecosystem