广东省公平水库与星湖生态特征的对比分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在采样和测定分析的基础上,对营养盐水平和水深较为接近的公平水库和星湖的生态特征进行对比分析.结果表明,公平水库和星湖的生态特征差异显著,其主要原因是两者水动力过程的不同.公平水库水力滞留时间是星湖的1/2,水柱全年混合较好,而星湖在夏季则有明显分层现象.公平水库总氮、总磷浓度的最高值出现在丰水期的月,枯水期明显低于丰水期,营养盐主要来源于外源,而星湖主要受内源循环的控制,总氮和总磷浓度的最高值出现在丰水期刚开始的4月,月总氮、总磷浓度有所下降,在分层现象消失的10月,总磷浓度明显升高.公平水库水滞留时间短,水位波动较大,不利于蓝藻形成优势,其浮游植物的群落结构类型表现为硅藻-绿藻-蓝藻型,星湖水滞留时间长,水体相对稳定,为蓝藻占优势提供了条件,浮游植物群落结构类型表现为蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻型.

关键词: 冬小麦, 干旱年型, 水氮运筹, 生理性状, 交互效应, 产量性状

Abstract: Based on sampling and analysis of ecological Characteristics,we compared the physical factors,nutrients and phytoplankton structure of Gongping Reservoir and Xing Lake,which were similar in trophic level and water depth.The results suggested that there were significant differences in ecological processes between the reservoir and the lake,which was mainly attributed to the difference in hydrodynamics.The water retention time at Gongping Reservoir was half of that at Xing Lake,and the water column of Gongping Reservoir was well mixed over the year,while Xing Lake was stratified in summer.The nutrient concentration in Gongping Reservoir,which was affected mostly by watershed inputs,was higher in flooding season than in dry season, with highest value occurred in July.However,in Xing Lake,affected mostly by inter-cycle,the nutrient concentrations were high near the end of the dry season,but fell in July and the concentration of TP went up when the stratification disappear.The difference of retention time also resulted in different dominant phytoplankton groups.Xing Lake was dominated by Cyanobacteria for its longer retention time and steady water column,while Gongping Reservoir was dominated by Bacillariophyta.

Key words: Winter wheat, Dry year, Irrigation and nitrogen application, Physiological characteristics, Interactive effects, Yield factors

中图分类号:

X524

林少君, 顾继光, 魏鹏, 韩博平. 广东省公平水库与星湖生态特征的对比分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (7): 773-779.

LIN Shaojun, GU Jiguang, WEI Peng, HAN Boping. Comparison of ecological characteristics between Gongping Reservoir and Xinhu Lake,Guangdong Province[J]. cje, 2005, (7): 773-779.

参考文献

[1] 白雪梅,徐兆礼.2000.底泥悬浮物对水生生物的影响[J].上海水产大学学报,9(1):65～68
[2] 邬红娟,郭生练.2001.水库水文情势与浮游植物群落结构[J].水科学进展,12(1):51～55.
[3] 李小平.2002.美国湖泊富营养化的研究和治理[J].自然杂志,24(2):63～68.
[4] 李耀初,李适宇,周劲风,等.星湖水动力条件及水质模型的研究Ⅰ.水动力条件与水环境质量调查[J].海洋与湖沼,32(1):81～87.
[5] 林秋奇,胡韧,韩博平.2003.流溪河水库水动力学对营养盐和浮游植物分布的影响[J].生态科学,23(11):22782284.
[6] 林秋奇,韩博平.2001.水库生态系统特征研究及其在水库水质管理中的应用[J].生态学报,21(6):1034～1040.
[7] 韩博平,李铁,林旭钿.2003.广东省大中型水库富营养化现状与防治对策研究[M].北京:科学出版社.3～6.
[8] Akbay N, Anul N, Yerli S, et al. 1999. Seasonal distribution of large phytoplankton in the Keban Dam Reservoir [J]. Plankton Res., 21(4) :771 ～787.
[9] Ana IN, Caridad DH, Jose CV. 2000. Phytoplankton structure and dynamics in Lake Sanabria and Valparaiso reservoir(NW Spain) [J].Hydrobiologia, 424: 25 ～ 37.
[10] Beyruth Z. 2000. Periodic disturbances, trophic gradient and phytoplankton characteristic related to cyanobacterial growth in Guerapianga Reservior, Sao Paulo State, Brazil [J]. Hydrobiologia, 424:51～65.
[11] Dokulil MT, Katrin T. 2000. Cyanobacterial dominance in lakes[J]. Hydrobiologia, 438:1 ～ 12.
[12] Dos Santos ACA, Calijuri MC. 1998. Survival strategies of some species of the phytoplankton community in the Barra Bopnita Reservoir( Sao Paulo, Brazil) [J]. Hydrobiologia, 317: 139～152.
[13] Easthope MP, Howard A. 1999. Simulating cyanobacterial growth in lowland reservoir [J]. Sci. Total Environ. ,241:17～25.
[14] Han BP, Armengol J, Garcia JC, et al. 2000. The thermal structure of Sau reservoir (NE:Spain) [J]. Ecol. Model., 125:109～ 122.
[15] Jones GJ, Poplawaki W. 1998. Understanding and management of cyanobacterial blooms in sub-tropical reservoirs of quensland[J]. Aust. Wat. Sci. Tech., 37(2): 161～ 168.
[16] Kawara O, Yura E, Fujii S, et al. 1998. A study on the role of hydraulic retention time in eutrophication of the Asahi River Dam Reservior [J]. Hydrobiologia, 37: 245～ 252.
[17] Kotut K, Krienti L, Muthuri FM. 1998. Temperal change in phytoplankton structure and composition at Turkwel Gorge Reservoir [J]. Hydrobiologia, 368: 41 ～ 59.
[18] Lin QQ, Duan SS, Hu R, et al. 2000. Zooplankton distribution in tropical reservoir, South China [J]. Int. Rev. Hydrobiol., 88(6) :602～613.
[19] Negro AI, De Hoyos C, Vega JC. 2000. Phytoplankton strcture and dynamics in lake Sanabria and Valpaiso Reservoir (NW Spain) [J]. Hydrobiologia, 424:25～ 37.
[20] Reynolds CS, Oliver RL, Walsby AE. 1987. Cyanobacterial dominance: the role of buoyancy regulation in dynamic lake environments [J]. New Zeal. J . Mar. Freshwat . Res., 21:379 ～ 390.
[21] Sergiy D, Valdimir T. 2000. Ecological role of hydrodynamic processes in the Dnieper reservoirs [J]. Ecol. Eng., 16:181～ 188.
[22] Soballe DM, Kimmel BL. 1987. A large-scale comparison of factors influencing phytoplankton abundance in rivers, lakes and impoundments [J]. Ecology, 68:1943 ～ 1954.
[23] Yong K, Morse GK, Scrimshaw MD, et al. 1999. The relation between phosphorus and eutrophication in the Thames catchment UK [J]. Sci. Total Environ., 228:157 ～ 183.