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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1491-1498.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202105.033

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

长江下游秋季近岸鱼类群落特征

邓超,王银平,颜元杰,杨彦平,尤洋,刘凯*   

  1. (农业农村部长江下游渔业资源环境科学观测实验站, 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心, 江苏无锡 214081)
  • 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-05-13

The characteristics of nearshore fish community in the lower reaches of Yangtze River in autumn.

DENG Chao, WANG Yin-ping, YAN Yuan-jie, YANG Yan-ping, YOU Yang, LIU Kai*   

  1. (Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, CAFS, Wuxi, 214081, Jiangsu, China)
  • Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-05-13

摘要: 为了解长江下游秋季近岸鱼类群落特征,于2016年9月分区对长江干流下游近岸水域进行了鱼类调查。结果表明:共采集鱼类38种,隶属于6目11科31属,其中鲤科鱼类为绝对优势物种,占总物种数的63.2%;群落组成中以小型鱼类占绝对优势,其占总物种数和总渔获数量的比例分别为81.6%和98.0%;群落优势种为贝氏〖FK(W*8/9。1〗〖PS5号F体.eps,BP#〗〖FK)〗(Hemiculter bleekeri)、间下鱵(Hyporhamphus intermedius)、飘鱼(Pseudolaubuca sinensis)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus),合计占渔获物总数量的68.3%和总重量的40.6%;4种摄食功能群中,杂食性(47.4%)和肉食性(39.5%)鱼类物种数占比较高;4种生态类群中,淡水定居性鱼类占绝对优势(81.6%);3种栖息水层类型中,中上层鱼类所占比例较高(36.8%);基于渔获尾数的多样性特征值为:Margalef丰富度指数4.03,Shannon指数2.18,Simpson优势度指数0.18,Pielou均匀度指数0.60。总体上,长江安徽段近岸鱼类群落多样性高于长江江苏段,这与河道类型及人类活动强度的影响有关。

关键词: 长江下游, 近岸鱼类, 群落结构, 多样性

Abstract: To understand the characteristics of nearshore fish community in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in autumn, a survey in different sections was conducted in September 2016. The results showed that a total of 38 species of fish were collected, belonging to 6 orders, 11 families and 31 genera. Cyprinidae was the predominant family, accounting for 63.2% of the total species richness. The community composition was dominated by smallsized fish, which accounted for 81.6% of total species and 98.0% of total catch. The dominant species were Hemiculter bleekeri, Hyporhamphus intermedius, Pseudolaubuca sinensis, and Coilia nasus, accounting for 68.3% of the total catch and 40.6% of the total weight. Among the four feeding functional groups, species from omnivorous and carnivorous groups accounted for a relatively high proportion (47.4% vs. 39.5%). Freshwater sedentary fish was the most common one in four ecological groups (81.6%). Among the three habitats, the pelagic fish accounted for highest proportion (36.8%). The diversity values based on the catch number were as follows: Margalef richness index 4.03, Shannon index 2.18, Simpson dominance index 0.18, and Pielou evenness index 0.60. In conclusion, the diversity of nearshore fish community in Anhui section of Yangtze River was higher than that in Jiangsu section, which is related to the differences in river channel type and human activity intensity.

Key words: lower reaches of the Yangtze River, nearshore fish, community structure, diversity.