Table of Content

10 January 2003, Volume 22 Issue 1

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Effects of combinded application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics of rice flag leaves

YANG Changming, YANG Linzhang

2003, (1):  1-4. 

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The effects of different nutrient inputs on photosynthesis and physiologic features in the flag leaves of rice were studied and compared. The results showed that photosynthesis rate (P_n), chlorophll(chl) content and leaves area duration(LAD) were different under different nutrient treatments. Combinded application of chemical fertilizers and organic manure, especially barn yard manure, not only increase P_n, delay discomposition of (chl) in the flag leaves, but also prolong duration of photosynthetic function and light interception in late stages of rice growth. As a result, they bring increase in grain weight and grain yield. In addition, combinded application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers resulted in high P_n of rice leaves, even in high light intensitivity and high temperature at noontime.

Effects of Cd and Zn combined pollution on chlorophyll content and scavenging system of activated Oxygen in Leaves of Ottelia alismoides(L.)Pers

XU Qinsong, SHI Guoxin, ZHOU Hongwei, XU Nan, ZHANG Xiaolan, ZENG Xiaomin

2003, (1):  5-8. 

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Effects of single and combined pollution of Cd and Zn on chlorophyll content and scavenging system of activated oxygen in leaves of Ottelia alismoides (L. )Pers. was measured. The results showed that the activity of SOD, POD and CAT was up to the highest point at 0.1mg稬^-1 of Cd culture concentration and decreased afterwards. The content of chlorophyll decreased with the increase of Cd culture concentration. Amuch more difference appeared when Zn was added to the solution than single Cd stress, which indicated that Zn strengthened the toxic effect of Cd. There was a synergistical action between Cd and Zn on the effect of scavenging system of activated oxygen and chlorophyll content.

Effect of support diameter on growth and foraging behavior of Momordica charantia

TAO Jianping, ZHONG Zhangcheng, HUANG Lin

2003, (1):  9-13. 

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Using the experimental ecological methods, the effects of different support diameters on growth and foraging behavior of Momordica charantia were investigated. The results showed that the changes of support diameters make unconspicuous effects on the development of internode, blade, petiole and tendril. The scramble of M. charantia is affected markedly by the diameter of support, and the plant scramble positively when the support diameter is less than8mm. The plants growing on external support with larger diameter have higher branching ratio, shorter stem, longer shoot, longer specific stem length and larger specific petiole length than those growing on the external support with small diameter. Correlation analysis indicate that internode length and petiole length are positively related to the degree of scramble significantly, but single leaf area, number of branches and specific petiole length are negatively related to the degree of scramble significantly. As an important resource to the climbing plants, the characters and conditions of support would affect plant growth and plant behavior significantly.

Pollination system of Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi

CHEN Yong, LI Hongqing, MA weiliang

2003, (1):  14-17. 

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Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi is dioecious.In the female syconia exist average 310.4 female flowers while in the male syconia are average.391.0 gall flowers,104.8 male flowers and 2.0 hermaphrodite flowers.Naturally, the production rate of the female flowers and the gall turning rate of the gall flowers are 95.88% and 29.51% respectively,and the female flowers and gall flowers are completely separeted physiologically. Wiebesia callida is the only mutualism insect that can enter the syconia to produce eggs and pollinate.And the pollnation system of the two depends on the suit each other quite well in their stucture,have a complete joint in their phenology and life cycle synchronism,and the specialization of their biological behaviors keep their obligatory and stability.

Effect of band spacing on wheat protein yield and marginal effect analysis

MA Xinming, WANG Zhiqiang, LI Lin

2003, (1):  18-21. 

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The grain yield(GY), protein content(PC), and protein yield(PY) of winter wheat in different bands spacing, and their relationships between each other were studied with winter wheat varity of Yumai 34. The results showed that band spacing took hadlsingificant effect on the wheat PYand GY, but no effect on the PC; PYhad significant relationship with GY, and no close relationship with PC.Linear regression relationship exists between PY(Y) and GY(X):Y=106.809+0.107X(kg穐m^-2); GY was the highest at 2.0m band spacing,The marginal effect was the greatest and better benefit will be gotten with relaying intercropping in 2.4m band spacing.

Advances in the studies on selenium in soil and selenium biological effect

ZHAO Zhongqiu, ZHENG Hailei, ZHANG Chunguang, MA Jianhua

2003, (1):  22-25. 

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This paper reviewed advances in the studies on forms and bioavailability of selenium(Se) in soil and the relationship between selenium and plant. The coverage aspects include the relationship between the distribution and bioavailability of various forms of Se and the physical and chemical properties, including pH, chemical and mineralogical composition, adsorbing surface and oxidation-reduction status; the accumulation and biological effect of Se in plant such as anti oxidizing, growth promoting, mass and quality enhancing. And on this basis, the study and application prospective was previewed.

Responses of plant stomatal conductance to elevated CO₂ at different scales

ZHENG Fengying, PENG Shaolin

2003, (1):  26-30. 

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Stomatal responses of plant to elevated CO₂ are as follwing:from the plant to global scale,decreased stomatal conductance and density at leaf scale;reduced transpiration per unit leaf area and increased water use efficiency at plant scale;decreased evapotranspiration and elevated run off and soil moisture at ecosystem scale;and amplifying the greenhouse gas effect in increasing temperature,but inhibiting the increasing precipitation at global scale.It plays an important role in global changes by effecting the water cycle.But the current result of research at small scales cannot been scaled up directly to large ones.

Biological invasion and its relation with global changes

CHEN Bing, KANG Le

2003, (1):  31-34. 

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Biological invasion has become an important element of global changes. It also has an obvious increasing impact on the evaded ecosystem, environment and social economy of China. Biological invasion not only leads to the conversion of the components and reconstructions of ecosystem, but also alters its basic functions and characteristcis, resulting in the extinction of native species and loss of community biodiversity, and causing significant damage to social economy as well. This paper also analysed the relation between global changes and the current quickened pace of biological invasion. Strategies were suggested to enhance the prediction and supervision of invasive species and cope with them based on the whole ecosystem and society, which will provide a powerful promotion in prediction and control of biological invasion.

Bioremediation of contaminated soils:a review

LI Fayun, ZANG Shuliang, LUO Yi

2003, (1):  35-39. 

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Although the close relationship between soil and food-chain makes people pay much attention to soil pollution, the fact is that soil quality is becoming degraded more and more seriously by the anthropogenic activities, and more studies about soil remediation are being conducted now. Bioremediation is an emerging technology to treat contaminated soils in the last 20 years. However, many research findings are situated on the experimental and simulating stage. Commercial application depends on its improvement and development of innovative technology. This paper reviewed the mechanism, effecting factors, and methods for enhancing bioremediation efficiency, and also discussed research aspects in this field.

Research on the swampy water systems in Sanjiang Plain

LUO Xianxiang, HE Yan, DENG Wei

2003, (1):  40-42. 

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Advances in swampy hydrology research were reviewed. Status and effect of research on the swampy water systems in the study of swampy ecology was discussed. The main contents and the study system of research on the swampy water systems were synthetically analyzed. In the mean time, prospect of research on the swampy water systems was put forward.

Discussion of research methods on relationship between climate change and plant

WANG Lianxi, YANG Youlin, HE Yuhong, ZHENG Youfei

2003, (1):  43-48. 

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Based on reviewing the research of the relationship between plant and climate, the paper introduced the observation and theoretic methods on it.The research in relative field of the world and possible research directions of it are also introduced.

Review on the study of relationship between natural regeneration of Korean pine and animals

LU Changhu

2003, (1):  49-53. 

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Korean pine seeds can't escape from the ripe cone and reach the habitat where it can germinate without the help of animals. So the Korean pine should rely on the animals for its natural regeneration. The seeds predators include rodents, birds and some large mammals. Red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris), Eurasian nutcrackers (Nucifraga caryocatactes) and Nuthatches (Sitta europaea) are scatter hoarding species among the predators, while the first two species are important in seeds hoarding. After pulling out the seeds from the cone and eating some seeds, they transport them to the hoarding place with cheek pouch or sublingual pouch, and bury the seeds under forest floor for their future foraging. One or several seeds are put in one cache. Transporting distance may be as far as hundreds meters or several kilometers. Caches microhabitat is good for the seed germination, and many seeds would not be recovered by the hoarders owing to the large number of caches, and may germinate under proper condition in 20 months since being buried. But microhabitat may be not good for the seedlings' continuous growing. The seeds pathway is based on4 levels (tree, ground, under forest floor and nest) in the virgin broad leaved Korean pine mixed forest due to animals' predation and transportation. Only small part of seeds on forest floor level would germinate. Animals also have an influence on the growth of seedlings. The animal population dynamics would be affected by the seeds output in different years.

The estimation of dust damage caused by digging-behavior of Brandt's Vole in fall

WAN Xinrong, LIU Wei, WANG Guanghe, WANG Mengjun, ZHONG Wenqin

2003, (1):  54-56. 

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Dust damage caused by the digging behavior of Brandti's vole is studied in the typical steppe of Northern China in fall. Results have shown that during this period, the total dust damage is about 10 liters per vole. The cache damage is about 8.0 liters per vole, and the average carrying depth is about 33.7 cm. The nest damage is about 0.68 liter per vole, and the average carrying depth is about 43.1 cm. The damage of the burrow system is about 1.5 liters per vole during this period.

Preliminary studies on photosynthetic characteristics of Amblystegium serpens

SUN Cunhua, ZANG Xueqin, ZHOU Aihua, LIU Yahong

2003, (1):  57-59. 

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This paper studies the photosynthtic and respiratory characteristics of Amblystegium serpens, which lives in fountain.The optimum water temperature is 15℃ and the optimum light intensity is 250～400μmol·m^-2 ·s^-1,needed for A. serpens photosynthesis.The photosynthtic rate is the highest at 300μmol·m^-2 ·s^-1 .The light compensation point increased with water temperature,with 10,50,54 and 59μmol·m^-2 ·s^-1 at 10,15,20 and 25℃ respectively.Respiratory rate of A. serpens has a positive relationship with water temperature.

Preliminary study of time order pattern on the morning songs of birds in spring

JIANG Shiren, DING Ping

2003, (1):  60-62. 

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The studies on the time sequence of the morning songs of birds showed that birds had a fixed time order on the morning songs during a certain period in spring.The time order patterns would be different in different periods of spring because of the changes of the bird's breeding behavior.Asignificant relationship between the time of first sound in the morning and the weather condition was be also found through this study.

Population dynamics of different sex with different birth rate and death rate

LIU Hanwu

2003, (1):  63-65. 

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Formerly, in the population dynamics models, it is assumed that the sex ratio is 1∶1, which is not always so in reality. The birth and death rates of different sex are different. In this paper, the population dynamics of different sex with different birth rate and death rate is studied. It suggest that the spreading process of one population is controlled by the female, and has no relation with the male.

Ecological assessment for City

LI Hongwen

2003, (1):  66-68. 

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City is a comprehensive system with three parts:natural,economic and social compornents.The objective of the city is the high efficiency of ecological function and the coordination of ecological relationship.The ecologiazation index is suitable for ecological assessment of the city. This paper is a study on ecological assessment method based on ecological index system,which is applied to Zhangjiagang City.The assessment results are actually coincided with the situation of this city. It established an effective method for ecological assessment and ecological planning for city towns in Eastern China.

Comprehensive benefit evaluation and analysis of77 counties' on Yangtze River protection forest engineering (the first period) in Sichuan and Chongqing

DU Yajun, CHEN Guoxian, CHEN Xiuming, CHEN Junhua, LEI Xiaozhang, CAI Xiaohu, PENG Peihao

2003, (1):  69-72. 

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Using the comprehensive evaluation indexes system of chinese ecological forest engineering,we evaluated the benefit of 77 countoies' form Yangtze River protection forest engineering (the first period)in Sichuan and Chongqing. The comprehensive benefit is 6 times more so far, and 9 times more by 2010 than1986 (the starting time).Furthermore, suggestions on forestst and structure adjustment of every branch of Yangtze River and on the new foundation of Yangtze River Shelter Forest in Sichuan and Chongqing were put forward.

Harmorization between eco-rehabilitation of open mining and eco-tourism along Taihu Lake area, Wuxian City

LIU Qingsong, ZUO Ping, ZOU Xinqing, GE Chendong

2003, (1):  73-78. 

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Taihu Lake area, lying in the center of developed area in Eastern China,is one of the most prosperous places, being famoucs for its rich aquatic products and rice, wonderful scenery and human scenic spots. More than eight thousand years has passed before what we see now. Long history evolution has developed its very special culture. However, economic development and environment protection have been entwined to each other so tight in modern times that Taihu Lake area cannot escape the magic chain either. Many problems emerge with the development of modern industry. The one that this article focuses on is eco rehabilitation in open mining area and its coordination with eco tourism. How to solve this problem is critical to a healthy Taihu Lake in the future. This article may provide a possible development mode for its further eco tourism exploitation.Based on the theory of landscape ecology, the article provides the principles and methods on how to solve the problems caused by open mining around Taihu Lake. Firstly, reasonable planning of eco rehabilitation should be made on a large scale since every single open mining is a fragile ecosystem. Secondly, suitable conditions are created to serve the re habilitation and re construction of the whole system. Figures of ecological function system and ecological function area relationships have been built up according to the aim of eco rehabilitation: biological production, environmental service and cultural support. Each of the three functions directly faces to special uses of a particular open mining, such as biological production to agriculture lands, environmental service to tourism, entertainment and grass lands, cultural support to construction lands. Finally, the possible environment, ecological and economical benefits are discussed following the eco rehabilitation of open mining.

An analysis on karst environment change processes in the north-eastern part of Italy

LI Yuhui

2003, (1):  79-83. 

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An analysis on karst environment change processes in the North-eastern karst areas of Italy was made in the paper. Karst environment there experienced serious environmental degradation and gradual restoration in past years. Karst environmental degradation there was caused by over grazing and over cultivating through cleaning forest as well as firewood and timber industry. The war also contributed to the degradation. Restoration of the degraded environment succeeded since the end of the second World war although works for reforestation began in the 12th century. The successful process of environmental restoration and control in the region was an integral one, which involved multi value exploitation, adjustment of regional social economic structures, realization of urbanization, improvement of populotion quality, and provision of new eaploymert opportunities for the locals. The significance of the experience of karst environment restoration of north-easernt Italy for Chinese karst environment control was also discussed in the paper.

Establishment of regional tourist image and landscape planning:the case study of Linhai City

QI Huangxiong, CAI Yunlong, WEI Xia

2003, (1):  84-88. 

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The establishment of regional tourist image involves two aspects:the guiding of tourist' perception, and the building of regional landscape. The latter is the base of the former and the former can be used for modifying the latter. Regional landscape building needs to analyze the natural, social, economical and historical background of the region, and its tourism resources. Then a complexity of landscape, as a visual system, should be designed and the sites where the buildings are emphasized should be identified in particular, following the theory and spatial analysis approach of landscape ecology. Linhai City, located in Zhejiang Province, is taken as a case for the study above mentioned procedures.

Sustainable development of eco-tourism in Xiamen

HUANG Yixiong

2003, (1):  89-93. 

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This paper discussed the advantage and limitation for sustainable development of eco-tourism in Xiamen and puts forward the strategic aims and countermeasures. Sustainable development of eco-tourism requires the combination of eco-tourism resource exploration and protection, keeping harmonious beauty of whole landscape in Xiamen, rational utilization of the land resource, and putting into force the ecological supervision.

Analysis of the carrying capacity measurements of Shei-Shan main peak trail, Shei-Pa park

LAI Ming Jou, HSUEN I-Chen

2003, (1):  94-96. 

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It is expected that the optimum carrying capacity measurements of the Shei Shan main peak trail could be used for the national park management: 11～40 persons trekking at the same time is accepted in terms of social carrying capacity; a carrying capacity of 296 persons could be accommodated according to the facilities available in Shei Shan main peak trail; and maximum ecological carrying capacity of weekdays is 109 persons, while 218 persons in weekends or holidays. During the propagation period of rare species, it is 65 persons per day or no entry for trekking. It is suggested that long term monitoring should be carried out for recreation impact to the environment, per 3 or 5 years' time.