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Responses of photosynthetic traits and adaptive mechanisms of Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet to different light environments. LENG Hanbing, SU Ming, ZHANG Chunying Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 1793-1801.   DOI: DOI:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.016 Abstract （77）      PDF（pc） （2473KB）（1050）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to explore leaf photosynthetic and biochemical characteristics and adaptive mechanisms of Rhododendron pulchrum Sweet under different light environments, including full light (FL, 100% natural sunlight), slight shading (LS, 82.01% full light), moderate shading (MS, 50.13% full light), and severe shading (SS, 15.80% full light). The results showed that leaf area and the contents of photosynthetic pigments and total nitrogen increased with decreasing light intensity, while specific leaf mass, total carbon content and carbon/nitrogen ratio decreased, and chlorophyll a/b decreased firstly and then increased. Maximum quantum photochemical efficiency and non-photochemical quenching coefficient were significantly higher under MS and FL treatments than that under the other treatments, respectively. The actual quantum photochemical efficiency, photochemical quenching coefficient, and quantum yield of quenching under SS treatment were significantly lower than that under the other three treatments. Dark respiration rate and light compensation point decreased with decreasing light intensity, while the maximum values in apparent quantum efficiency, maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point) were detected under MS treatment, suggesting the strongest photosynthetic capacity. R. pulchrum under FL treatment had lower net photosynthetic rate (Pn) accompanied with lower stomatal conductance and higher stomatal limitation value. Such decrease in Pn under FL treatment was mainly due to stomatal limitation. In comparison, Pn under SS treatment was inhibited mainly due to the reduction in photochemical efficiency and imbalance in fraction of incident light in photosystem Ⅱ. Our results suggested that R. pulchrum had good performance in tolerance range of light intensities, and that moderate shading (i.e., 50% full light) was optimal for its growth. Consequently, proper shading or community configuration under deciduous forest with sparse canopy should be employed regarding its cultivation or application in gardens. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on net carbon sequestration capacity of plants under the background of carbon neutra-lization. YANG Qianmin, YUAN Danping, DENG Cunbao, WANG Yansheng, QIAO Ling Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1484-1496.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.015 Abstract （725）      PDF（pc） （1296KB）（849）       Knowledge map    Save Plants play a key role in regulating the balance of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, improving carbon sequestration capacity and ecosystem carbon stocks, and contributing to the mitigation of global warming. It is therefore of great significance to further understand the factors affecting the net carbon sequestration capacity of plants in order to achieve the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in China. We summarized the recent progresses in carbon fixation pathways in photosynthesis, carbon release processes through litter decomposition, and factors (CO2 concentration, temperature, water content, litter addition and removal) affecting carbon sequestration and carbon release through CO2 and CH4 emissions. The results showed that there was a threshold for the promotion of water, temperature, and CO2 concentration on plant carbon sequestration and the promotion of water and temperature on the CO2 emission from litter decomposition. When the threshold exceeds a certain range, an inhibitory effect exists on the aforementioned process. Litter removal is beneficial to reducing CO2 emission, but the response of CH4 emission through litter decomposition to the above environmental factors has been inconclusive. We propose to strengthen studies on the carbon sequestration ability of plants in different stages of life cycles by the combined action of multiple environmental factors; and on carbon emission mechanisms of tree residues, belowground litter, root exudates, and their responses to environmental factors, which will provide a reference for improving plant carbon sequestration and carbon neutrality. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on emission of isoprene and monoterpenes in Phoebe bournei. MA Fangyuan, ZHANG Li, WENG Zishan, LAI Jinmei, LIU Guizhen, GUO Hao, YI Zhigang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 1802-1810.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.034 Abstract （76）      PDF（pc） （3567KB）（625）       Knowledge map    Save Elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations could affect ecosystem carbon (C) cycling. Isoprene (ISO) and monoterpenes (MTs) are the intermediate products in plant C metabolism, the synthesis and release of which are important pathways of ecosystem C cycling. We conducted a 4-month fumigation experiment with two-year-old Phoebe bournei seedlings. Four treatments, namely the control (CK), elevated CO2 concentration (EC), elevated O3 concentration (EO) and simultaneously elevated CO2 and O3 (EC+EO), were set up to examine the effects of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on ISO and MTs release and photosynthetic parameters in P. bournei. The results showed that after one month fumigation, a significant increase in MTs fluxes (P<0.05) and a 5.6% decrease in ISO flux were observed with the EC treatment compared with CK. After 4 months’ fumigation, the ISO and MTs fluxes decreased under EC, EO, and EC+EO treatments. The reduction was the strongest under EC+EO treatment, with the ISO and MTs fluxes being reduced by 76.4% and 89.6%, respectively. The decrease of fluxes might be attributed to the changes of net photosynthetic rate by changing the content of photosynthetic pigments and adjusting stomatal conductance under different treatments, which directly affects C source of ISO and MTs metabolism. The main components of MTs were α-pinene and limonene. Under elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations, net photosynthetic rate gradually decreased with fumigation duration. The effects of independently and simultaneously elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on ISO and MTs fluxes differed. When we investigated the effects of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on ecosystem C cycling, compound factor interaction experiments should be taken into consideration, to provide more reliable data support for understanding the responses of ecosystem C cycling to global climate change. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application of machine learning technology in ecology. LI Huijie, WANG Bing, NIU Xiang, LIANG Yongliang, LI Jingyao Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (11): 2767-2775.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202311.009 Abstract （463）      PDF（pc） （854KB）（625）       Knowledge map    Save With the gradual deepening of ecological research, ecology has entered the era of big data. As one of the core technologies of artificial intelligence, machine learning has been widely used to efficiently process ecological big data. We systematically summarized and analyzed the relevant research and the application of machine learning in recent years. The applications of machine learning in hydrology, soil, meteorology and climate, vegetation and other factors were analyzed with examples, which were involved in many research fields, including hydrological cycle, carbon cycle, meteorological prediction, climate change, species distribution, health assessment, landscape ecology, and resource management. Finally, its future trend was prospected based on the analysis of the problems of machine learning technology in ecological research. In general, random forest and neural network are the most commonly used machine learning methods in ecological research due to their characteristics. Integrating multiple machine learning algorithms, or integrating machine learning with traditional statistical methods and ecological models, is the best solution for future machine-learning-based ecological research. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of different ratios of  nitrogen and phosphorus addition on the relationship between relative growth rate and fine root traits of Machilus pauhoi seedlings. CHENG Jieru, ZHONG Quanlin, ZOU Yuxing, CHANG Yunni, LIAO Penghui Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 1811-1819.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.011 Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （2026KB）（595）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are important nutrients affecting plant growth. Fine root is an important organ to absorb nutrients and water. Here, we analyzed the effects of different N and P application ratios (15∶1, 12∶1, 10∶1, 8∶1) on the growth and fine root traits of 1-year-old Machilus pauhoi seedlings in a pot experiment. The results showed that: (1) All the N and P addition treatments significantly increased leaf biomass, total biomass, and leaf mass fraction, but decreased root-shoot ratio, especially at the treatments with N/P ratios of 10∶1 and 8∶1. (2) Combined applications of N and P significantly increased relative growth rates of both total biomass and biomass of each organ, with a strongest effect under N/P ratio of 10∶1. (3) Combined applications of N and P significantly increased N and P concentrations in fine roots (P<0.05), with no difference among treatments. Fine root N concentration was the highest in the treatments with N/P ratios of 15∶1 and 10∶1. Fine root P concentration was the highest in the treatment with N/P ratio of 10∶1. Combined applications of N and P reduced the average diameter of each fine root order and specific surface area (SRA) of the 1st-2nd order roots, but increased specific root length (SRL) of the 2nd-4th order roots and SRA of the 3rd-4th order roots. The changes of root tissue density (RTD) of each order was opposite to that of SRA. (4) The relative growth rates of total biomass and biomass of each organ were significantly positively correlated with RTD but negatively correlated with SRL and SRA after combined N and P application. The results indicated that application of different N/P ratios affected biomass allocation pattern, relative growth rate, and the relationship between relative growth rate and some fine root traits of M. pauhoi seedlings. The most suitable ratio of N/P for the growth of M. pauhoi seedlings was 10∶1. Our results provide an important reference for the development of precise nutrient management and efficient cultivation of M. pauhoi seedlings. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 0-.   Abstract （204）      PDF（pc） （448KB）（588）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of species habitat suitability models and their verification. BAI Jun-jun, HOU Peng, ZHAO Yan-hong, XU Hai-tao, ZHANG Bing Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (7): 1423-1432.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202209.009 Abstract （254）      PDF（pc） （581KB）（517）       Knowledge map    Save The species habitat suitability models are used to evaluate the suitability of species habitat, the research results of which can provide scientific basis for biodiversity conservation. The models used in assessment of species habitat suitability will depend on research objects and regions. Therefore, the applicability and effectiveness of the models also need further verification and evaluation. Meanwhile, the predictive effect of the models also needs attention. By systematically combing the literature on habitat suitability model research and its application, we summarized the habitat suitability models as mechanism models that do not require presence/absence data, statistical models that require presence/absence data, and ecological niche models that only require presence data. We discussed the basis, representative methods, the advantages and disadvantages of the three types of habitat suitability models with case studies. Then, we focused on the analysis and discussion around the acquisition of species distribution sample data and the selection of environmental variables. Finally, we discussed the selection of species habitat suitability models at different research scales and the influence of different research objects’ living habits on the selection of environmental variables. We proposed the future development direction of species habitat suitability models. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on the pathways of soil nitrous oxide production and its research methods. HE Meixia, DUAN Pengpeng, LI Dejun Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1497-1508.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.001 Abstract （448）      PDF（pc） （1548KB）（505）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas in the troposphere and contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Soil N2O production involves biotic (autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, nitrifier denitrification, nitrification-coupled denitrification, heterotrophic denitrification, codenitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) and abiotic pathways. A couple of N2O production pathways may occur simultaneously, it is thus difficult to quantify the contribution of a single pathway to N2O production. However, quantifying the contribution of individual pathways to total N2O production is necessary to mitigate soil N2O emission, or to simulate soil N2O production and its responses to global change using Earth system models. Some methods have been developed to decipher N2O production pathways, including molecular methods, inhibition techniques, and stable isotope methods. Here, we review current status of soil N2O production pathways and their research methods. We pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the knowledge gaps. The information is useful for researchers to carry out relevant researches, or can help understand the major sources of soil N2O emission and thus make effective measures to mitigate soil N2O emission. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of vegetation status, adaptive strategies and ecological restoration in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. DOU Wen-qing, JIA Wei-tao, ZHANG Jiu-hong, YI Xue-mei, WEN Zhao-fei, WU Sheng-jun, MA Mao-hua Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (1): 208-218.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202301.018 Abstract （346）      PDF（pc） （1517KB）（445）       Knowledge map    Save Water-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir is a large area of “winter water and summer land” formed by the periodic submergence in the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River. Understanding the mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to flooding is important for restoration and protection of plant community in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Here, we compare vegetation community changes before and after water fluctuation and summarized the mechanism of annual and perennial plants resisting submergence stress. Annual plants mainly rely on seed dormancy when they are exposed to submergence stress for a long time, while perennial plants may take the “static” strategy to reduce energy consumption and recover rapidly when water falls back. For perennial woody plants in the high altitude, a large number of adventitious roots emerge to alleviate root damage induced by the hypoxia stress in the case of semi-flooding. The research progress of vegetation restoration was summarized and the possible ways to reconstruct plant community of water-level fluctuation zone were discussed according to existing problems, which can provide reference for ecological restoration of vegetation in water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review of the impacts of climate change on agro-ecosystem services and adaptation measures. WANG Chunyi, ZHAO Mingyue, ZHAO Yuncheng, XU Yinlong Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (5): 1214-1224.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202303.026 Abstract （216）      PDF（pc） （3247KB）（434）       Knowledge map    Save Due to the vulnerability of agro-ecosystems, climate change poses great challenges to the sustainable provision of agro-ecosystem services. Previous studies have analyzed the impacts of climate change on agroecosystems. However, integrative studies about the influences of climate change on agro-ecosystem services and relevant adaptation actions are still rare. In this paper, we reviewed the impact mechanisms of climate change on crop yield, stability of regulating services, and supply of cultural services, as well as the current adaptation measures from the perspective of agricultural landscape diversity. We proposed to deepen research on the comprehensive impacts of climate change on multiple ecosystem services, explore the adaptation mechanisms of agro-ecosystems to climate change, strengthen studies of model simulation, and strengthen the connection between adaptation measures and government decision-making. This review provides scientific evidence for national agricultural policy-making and action implementation on climate change in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatial-temporal variations in the past 30 years and prediction analysis of vegetation coverage in the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain. LI Hong-mei, BAHEJIAYINAER Tiemuerbieke, CHANG Shun-li, ZHANG Yu-tao Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (12): 2414-2423.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202212.019 Abstract （101）      PDF（pc） （5178KB）（427）       Knowledge map    Save The north slope of Tianshan Mountain is located on the Silk Road Economic Belt, with frequent human activities and many ecologically fragile areas. Exploring the temporal and spatial variations of vegetation coverage in this area is of a great significance for regional green development. Based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and vegetation coverage were calculated by using Landsat Image data from July to August of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020. The spatial agglomeration of vegetation coverage was analyzed by Moran’s I index, and the changes of high vegetation coverage were predicted by Grey Prediction GM (1,1) model. The results showed that: (1) Vegetation coverage on the north slope of Tianshan Mountain was generally low from 1990 to 2020, and that in 2020 showed an increasing trend compared with 1990. (2) According to the results of spatial autocorrelation analysis, the overall vegetation coverage on the north slope of Tianshan Mountain showed significant positive spatial autocorrelation (P<0.01), with an aggregation state. The results of local spatial autocorrelation analysis in different years were slightly different, which was mainly reflected in the increase of high-high aggregation in the middle part of the study area and low-low aggregation in the south edge of the study area. (3) The results of Grey Prediction GM (1,1) model showed that the average annual temperature in the study area would gradually increase from 2020 to 2040, the annual precipitation would decrease, and the area with high vegetation coverage showed an increasing trend. (4) The high efficiency of GEE cloud platform in processinglarge-scale and long-time series image data makes it an effective tool for vegetation coverage normalization monitoring. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Variations of leaf and fine-root functional traits of five garden tree species across an urban-rural gradient. CHEN Leiru, MA Ruihao, WANG Fei, XIA Kai, DENG Pengfei, XU Xiaoniu Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1281-1289.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202305.027 Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （2350KB）（425）       Knowledge map    Save Functional traits are important characteristics that link plants, environment and ecosystems, with a far-reaching significance for indicating environmental changes. In this study, we measured 14 morphological, physiological, and nutrient traits of leaf and fine-root in five garden evergreen tree species, Photinia ×fraseri, Euonymus japonicas ‘Aurea marginatus’, Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum lucidum, and Osmanthus fragrans. The differential variations of traits across an urban-rural environmental gradient and the correlation between leaf traits and root traits were analyzed to reveal the survival and adaptation strategies of these species. The results showed that morphological traits of different tree species differed greatly. There were no significant differences in the leaf morphological traits along the urban-rural gradient. The physiological traits showed an increasing trend along the urbanrural gradient, and the similar trend was observed for carbon contents in fine roots and leaves. According to the results of principal component analysis and the theory of plant economic spectrum, the fine roots of the garden tree species tended to adopt a “conservative” strategy, and the survival strategy of tree species as whole appeared “slow investment return” type in the rural sites. This survival strategy was not found in the urban sites. Our findings indicate that urbanization may strengthen the resource acquisition ability of plants for growth and production. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of strip cutting width on the concentrations and stoichiometry of soil C, N, and P in Phyllostachys edulis forests. SHEN Jingxin, FAN Shaohui, LIU Guanglu, WEI Songpo Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 1851-1857.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.013 Abstract （86）      PDF（pc） （1192KB）（375）       Knowledge map    Save Strip cutting of moso bamboo forests is a new strategy proposed in recent years to adapt to mechanized operation. Understanding the effects of strip cutting width on soil nutrient contents and stoichiometric ratios is of great significance for selecting reasonable cutting width and realizing sustainable management of moso bamboo forests. In this study, we compared the effects of different cutting widths (3, 6, 9, and 12 m) on the contents and ratios of soil C, N, P, with moso bamboo forest under traditional selective cutting as the control (CK). The results showed that with the increasing cutting width, the contents of soil C, N and P increased at first and then decreased. The contents of soil C, N, and P were the highest at 6 m and the lowest at 12 m. Soil C/P and N/P increased first and then decreased with increasing cutting width, whereas C/N was relatively stable. The cutting width of 6 m had significantly greater soil C/P than the cutting width of 12 m, while the cutting width of 3 m and 6 m had significantly greater soil N/P than the cutting width of 12 m. In conclusion, the cutting width of 6 m was most beneficial to the accumulation of soil C and N, with higher C/N, C/P, N/P, and more balanced nutrient ratios. Moreover, moso bamboo forest was influenced by the dual constraints of N and P contents, and soil P was more deficient. It is necessary to ensure soil nutrient balance through P fertilizer application and promote the rapid recovery of moso bamboo forest in strip cutting areas in the short term. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multidimensional exploration in the study of urban bird diversity: A review. WANG Qian, LIU Zhi-cun, LIU Tian-yu, WAN Dong-mei, JIANG Yi-ting Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (10): 2058-2063.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202210.004 Abstract （205）      PDF（pc） （455KB）（373）       Knowledge map    Save Urbanization across the world has results in many ecological problems, among which is the rapid loss of species diversity. Birds are one of the taxa most affected by urbanization. For instance, urbanization significantly reduces bird diversity and changes species composition of bird communities. Human-dominated urban ecosystems have replaced native habitats. Urban infrastructure, vegetation, and human activities have greatly changed the urban environment. Here, we summarize research progress on urban avian diversity from three perspectives: urban landscape, urban greenspace habitat heterogeneity, and human disturbance. In addition, we introduce several novel diversity indices and three different dimensions to explore avian diversity in urban ecosystems. We propose specific measures to protect avian diversity during urbanization, such as enhancing patch connectivity, increasing green spaceheterogeneity, and increasing buffer zones. We put forward five suggestions for in-depth research on urban avian diversity in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Responses of plant community structure and stability to artificial disturbance in urban remnant mountains. SUN Yuzhen, WANG Zhitai, BAO Yu, LIU Shuping Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 1829-1840.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.010 Abstract （88）      PDF（pc） （3090KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the responses of plant community of urban remnant mountains to artificial disturbance, plant community structure and stability of urban remnant mountains under different artificial disturbance ways and intensities were analyzed using the theories and methods of community ecology and quantitative ecology. The results showed that: (1) Vertical structure integrity of plant community under different intensities of human disturbance declined with increasing disturbance density. Reclamation, excavation, and construction had significant negative effects on trees and shrubs, while park utilization was beneficial to the integrity of community vertical structure. (2) The diameter class structure of trees exhibited an inverted “J” type distribution under different disturbance intensities. Small diameter trees (DBH<10 cm) accounted for 53%, 58% and 48% of the total individual numbers in the plots under light, moderate and heavy disturbances, respectively. The regeneration potential of tree layer was high. The diameter class structure of tree changed abnormally under reclamation and excavation disturbance ways. (3) Based on the coefficient of variation of community density and the Godron stability index, community stability decreased with human disturbance intensities. Plant communities under the disturbances of trample and park utilization were relatively stable, while those with the reclamation and engineering excavation were most unstable. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of availability and form of exogenous nitrogen on plant growth and physiology: Progress and prospects. ZHANG Qinze, HAO Guang, LI Hongyuan Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 878-887.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.030 Abstract （547）      PDF（pc） （1432KB）（371）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important nutrient elements controlling plant structure and function and maintaining ecosystem stability. The differences in exogenous N availability and form have significant effect on plant growth and physiological traits. Due to global climate change and intensified human activities, the mobility and deposition of N into terrestrial ecosystems increase rapidly and the form of N deposition is also changing, which seriously damages the normal growth of plants and the balance and stability of ecosystem, and has become a hot topic. We summarized the effects of different N addition levels and forms on plant growth, photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and metabolic enzyme activity. We concluded that: (1) proper N input could promote plant growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient absorption capacity, but has inhibiting effect on plants once exceeding the threshold of plant tolerance; (2) due to the difference in plant preference for N form absorption, the effects of ammonium or nitrate N on plant growth, photosynthesis, nutrient absorption, and metabolic enzyme activity are different, and the appropriate ratio of ammonium and nitrate N has a more significant promotion effect on most plants than the addition of a single N form. Four important research directions should be considered in future: (1) carrying out large scale longterm positioning observation of manipulative experiments; (2) exploring the microscopic mechanism of N form affecting plants using molecular biology techniques; (3) focusing on the effect of soil rhizosphere environment on root N uptake; (4) comprehensively analyzing the interaction between N addition and other environmental factors and accurately assessing typical plant population dynamics and community structure changes. Our study provides theoretical reference for exploring the mechanism of plant growth and physiology and enabling sustainability of plant production systems under exogenous N addition. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of leaf number of woody seedlings on herbivory intensity in a subtropical forest in Ailao Mountain. YANG Anting, ZHANG Xiang, WANG Bo Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1299-1306.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202305.025 Abstract （112）      PDF（pc） （1178KB）（363）       Knowledge map    Save Investigating the correlation between herbivory intensity and number of leaves of individual seedlings can help us better understand the effects of food abundance on herbivory intensity at small scale. In this study, we compared the correlations between herbivory intensity and the number of leaves among seasons and plant species in a subtropical forest in Ailao Mountain, using linear mixed model and generalized linear mixed model. Across all the species, a significant Ushaped pattern was detected between the number of leaves and herbivory frequency (i.e., the ratio of the number of leaves suffered insect herbivory to the total number of leaves of a target individual) in September and May, but a humpshaped pattern in December. The number of leaves had a minor effect on herbivory intensity (i.e., proportion of leaf area damaged by insect) in all the seasons. At the species level, much more complicated results emerged, including monotonic increasing and decreasing trends, and U-shaped and hump-shaped patterns, although many species did not show a clear trend, indicating that the effect of leaf number on herbivory was species specific. The results would help us further understand the role of herbivorous insects in species coexistence and diversity maintenance of seedling communities in subtropical forests. Future studies of plant-herbivore interactions should consider the role of both species specificity and seasonal variation, as well as different herbivory indices. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic assessment and carbon sequestration potential prediction of forest aboveground carbon stock in Northeast China. WANG Yao, LIANG Yu, LIU Bo, MA Tianxiao, WU Miaomiao, DOU Jiahui, WANG Xugao Chinese Journal of Ecology    2025, 44 (2): 353-364.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202502.038 Abstract （349）      PDF（pc） （4834KB）（356）       Knowledge map    Save Northeast China, with the largest area of forests in China, holds approximately 40% of the national forest carbon stock. Over the past few decades, extensive afforestation and forest restoration efforts have been implemented in this region, yet their impacts on carbon cycling remain unclear. Accurately predicting the future aboveground carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential of the forests in Northeast China is of significance for devising forest management policies. We utilized publicly available forest inventory data to develop a framework which integrated the ecological process model and forest landscape model to simulate the succession process and carbon storage dynamics of Northeast China’s forests over the next 100 years. We employed multisource data (remote sensing data, forest inventory data, and other model outcomes) to validate the simulation results at multiple scales, to enhance the precision of the model simulations. The study aimed to estimate the carbon sequestration potential of forests in Northeast China and quantify the turning point of carbon sequestration. The results showed that: (1) The spatial distribution of forest aboveground carbon storage simulated by the model aligns closely with spatial distribution data derived from remote sensing in literature (Kappa coefficient = 0.81). Furthermore, we validated the model results from a stand age perspective. The proportions of forests in various age classes and the predominant tree species across different age classes correlated with forest inventory data (R2>0.6). (2) Under the current climate conditions, forest aboveground carbon stock in Northeast China would reach its peak at 6.38 Pg C by the year 2060. Compared to the year 2000, there would be a net increase of 4.57 Pg C in aboveground carbon storage and a net increase of 67.46 Mg·hm-2 in aboveground carbon density. (3) Without considering climate change and forest management policies, the carbon sequestration rate in Northeast China’s forests exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. The peak occurs between 2020-2025, reaching 0.108 Pg C·a-1. The rate is projected to reach zero between 2070-2075 when forests shift from carbon sink to source. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Evaluation of human disturbance in nature reserves of Guangdong based on multi-source data. WANG Hai-yun, KUANG Yao-qiu, WEN Xin-jian, LIN Xiao-bo, HE Ye-yu, CHEN Ze-feng Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (10): 2026-2034.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202209.024 Abstract （91）      PDF（pc） （2742KB）（344）       Knowledge map    Save Human activities threaten the rare and endangered wildlife in nature reserves. Satellite remote sensing technology has advantages of high accuracy and objectivity in monitoring human activities in nature reserves. Tencent is the largest messaging and social media platform in China, with broad coverage. Tencent user density (TUD) dataset is thus a useful proxy of dynamic population distribution with the advantages of real-time and efficient. In this study, we identified the artificially disturbed landscapes in the national and provincial nature reserves in Guangdong Province in 2015 and 2019 based on the high-resolution remote sensing images. We quantitatively evaluated the spatiotemporal variations of the artificially disturbed landscapes in the nature reserves using a disturbance intensity index. We further used TUD data for comparison and verification. The results showed that: (1) The intensity of human disturbance in the nature reserves was not high in general. The spatial distribution was uneven, with a high intensity in the northeast and a low intensity in the southwest. (2) From 2015 to 2019, the disturbance index of human decreased by 81.8%. The intensity of human disturbance was relatively strong in the areas with good geographical conditions in terrain and traffic. The higher the proportion of basic farmland and population density, the greater the intensity was. (3) The evaluation results of human disturbance intensity were consistent with the TUD data. The higher the human disturbance intensity, the higher the TUD was. Nature reserves in urban areas and with tourism development had higher TUD. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Allocation of nonstructural carbohydrates in trunks of three main afforestation tree species in Horqin Sandy Land. WANG Kai, SHI Liang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 1841-1850.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202308.009 Abstract （102）      PDF（pc） （3708KB）（342）       Knowledge map    Save Trunk is the main organ for storing non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) in trees. NSC allocation patterns in trunk can reflect carbon storage strategy and adaptability of trees. We measured the concentrations of soluble sugar, starch and NSC in trunks of three main afforestation conifer species (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, P. densiflora, and P. tabuliformis) in Horqin Sandy Land, the radial and vertical variations in trunks, and compared the interspecific variations in allocation patterns. The results showed that, at the middle and base of crown heights of trunks, concentrations of soluble sugar and NSC of the three species decreased with increasing radial depth. At breast and stump heights of trunks, soluble sugar concentrations and the ratios of sugar to starch gradually decreased, starch concentrations gradually increased, and NSC concentrations remained unchanged with increasing radial depth. NSC concentrations were higher at the middle of crown height than  at crown base, breast and stump heights of P. sylvestris var. mongolica, while they were higher at the middle and base of crown heights than at breast and stump heights of P. densiflora. There were no differences in NSC concentrations at different heights of trunks of P. tabuliformis. NSC concentrations in trunks of P. densiflora were higher than those of P. sylvestris var. mongolica and P. tabuliformis. Therefore, trunk is important pool for starch reserves for all the three conifer species, which is conducive to adapt to the environment of Horqin Sandy Land. The trunks of P. densiflora stored more carbohydrates, which may facilitate its resistance to adverse environments. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）