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Remote sensing estimation of forest aboveground biomass in Tibetan Plateau based on random forest model. ZHANG Peng-chao, LIANG Yu, LIU Bo, MA Tian-xiao, WU Miao-miao Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (2): 415-424.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202302.007 Abstract （196）      PDF（pc） （3106KB）（85）       Knowledge map    Save Remote sensing data can be used for quickly obtaining real-time forest attribute information. Forest aboveground biomass (AGB) estimated by remote sensing data is usually spatially continuous and highly accurate. Due to the complex terrain and special climate, it is difficult to obtain forest attribute information of alpine regions compared with low-latitude or low-altitude forest ecosystems. Therefore, optical remote sensing has become an important means to estimate forest attributes. Based on MODIS satellite images and plot survey data, we estimated forest AGB in the Tibetan Plateau by a random forest model (RF), and further explored the AGB of major tree species by K-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN). Moreover, we evaluated the prediction accuracy of AGB at different scales. We also analyzed the importance of predictive variables. The results showed that: (1) The AGB estimation model we developed had good performance at both pixel (R2=0.82, RMSE=64.93 t·hm-2) and landscape scales (t=0.15, P=0.88). (2) Spatially, forest AGB gradually decreased from southeast to northwest with an average AGB of 181.28±104.54 t·hm-2. The AGB of forests below 1000 m asl was the highest, with a value of 237.66 t·hm-2. The AGB of Abies fabri, Picea asperata, and Pinus yunnanensis were relatively high, with values of 214.86, 216.14, and 172.24 t·hm-2, respectively. (3) Geographical location and climate were the more important variables in estimating AGB. Our results contribute to improving the understanding of forest resources on the Tibetan Plateau and the prediction accuracy of carbon dynamics in China. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (8): 0-.   Abstract （181）      PDF（pc） （448KB）（554）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (2): 0-.   Abstract （167）      PDF（pc） （13040KB）（21）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on net carbon sequestration capacity of plants under the background of carbon neutra-lization. YANG Qianmin, YUAN Danping, DENG Cunbao, WANG Yansheng, QIAO Ling Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1484-1496.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.015 Abstract （138）      PDF（pc） （1296KB）（342）       Knowledge map    Save Plants play a key role in regulating the balance of atmospheric CO2 concentrations, improving carbon sequestration capacity and ecosystem carbon stocks, and contributing to the mitigation of global warming. It is therefore of great significance to further understand the factors affecting the net carbon sequestration capacity of plants in order to achieve the targets of carbon peak and carbon neutralization in China. We summarized the recent progresses in carbon fixation pathways in photosynthesis, carbon release processes through litter decomposition, and factors (CO2 concentration, temperature, water content, litter addition and removal) affecting carbon sequestration and carbon release through CO2 and CH4 emissions. The results showed that there was a threshold for the promotion of water, temperature, and CO2 concentration on plant carbon sequestration and the promotion of water and temperature on the CO2 emission from litter decomposition. When the threshold exceeds a certain range, an inhibitory effect exists on the aforementioned process. Litter removal is beneficial to reducing CO2 emission, but the response of CH4 emission through litter decomposition to the above environmental factors has been inconclusive. We propose to strengthen studies on the carbon sequestration ability of plants in different stages of life cycles by the combined action of multiple environmental factors; and on carbon emission mechanisms of tree residues, belowground litter, root exudates, and their responses to environmental factors, which will provide a reference for improving plant carbon sequestration and carbon neutrality. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil bulk density at different soil layers in typical small watershed in loess region of western Shanxi Province. WANG Simin, ZHANG Hongli, ZHANG Hengshuo, ZUO Qilin, ZHA Tonggang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 609-615.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.039 Abstract （134）      PDF（pc） （1240KB）（144）       Knowledge map    Save To understand the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil bulk density across different soil layers in the loess region, we measured soil bulk density at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm layers in 98 locations in Caijiachuan watershed in the loess region of western Shanxi. We analyzed the distribution characteristics, the main influencing factors of each soil layer and their contribution rates to soil bulk density by using classical statistics and geostatistics methods. The results showed that: (1) Soil bulk density ranged from 0.79-1.78 g·cm-3, and increased with increasing soil depth in the 0-100 cm depth. The variation of soil bulk density decreased with increasing soil depth. (2) Gaussian model was the best fitting model for soil bulk density at 0-40 cm layer, while exponential model was the best fitting model at 40-100 cm layer. The spatial dependence of soil bulk density decreased with increasing soil depth, showing strong, moderate and weak spatial dependence at 0-20, 20-60 and 60-100 cm layers, respectively. (3) Soil bulk density at 0-40 cm layer was mainly affected by vegetation and soil factors, while that at 40-100 cm soil layer was mainly affected by elevation and soil factors, suggesting that the effects of vegetation restoration on soil bulk density were mainly concentrated in the surface layer. Our results provide important reference for in-depth understanding of regional soil bulk density distribution under the vegetation restoration and scientific assessment of regional ecological benefits and ecological services of vegetation restoration. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon components under different environmental conditions in Poyang Lake wetland. YUAN Jihong, REN Qiong, ZHOU Liyin, MIAO Lujun, CHI Yunyang, WAN Fang, WANG Jinping, WAN Songxian Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1323-1329.   Abstract （130）      PDF（pc） （3098KB）（216）       Knowledge map    Save Changes of environmental conditions can affect carbon sink function of wetlands. Understanding the effects of environmental conditions on soil organic carbon and its components in wetlands can provide scientific guidance for soil carbon regulation in wetlands. Here, we investigated the effects of water levels (high and low water level) and vegetation types (Triarrhena lutarioriparia and Polygonum hydropiper) on soil organic carbon and its components in Poyang Lake wetland. We analyzed the relationships between soil physicochemical properties and soil organic carbon components. Results showed that heavy fraction organic carbon was the main component of soil organic carbon, accounting for more than 70% of the total. Water level had significantly stronger effects on soil organic carbon components than the vegetation type. Soil organic carbon, heavy fraction organic carbon, particulate organic, soluble organic carbon and microbial biomass carbon of P. hydropiper community in high water level were 109.2%, 115.5%, 175.8%, 239.4%, and 61.7% higher than those in low water level, respectively. Soil pH was significantly negatively correlated with soil total carbon, heavy fraction organic carbon, and particulate organic carbon. Soil water content and total nitrogen content were significantly positively correlated with organic carbon components. Therefore, increasing water level is beneficial to soil carbon accumulation in wetlands. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on the pathways of soil nitrous oxide production and its research methods. HE Meixia, DUAN Pengpeng, LI Dejun Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1497-1508.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.001 Abstract （121）      PDF（pc） （1548KB）（275）       Knowledge map    Save Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a greenhouse gas in the troposphere and contributes to ozone depletion in the stratosphere. Soil N2O production involves biotic (autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, nitrifier denitrification, nitrification-coupled denitrification, heterotrophic denitrification, codenitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) and abiotic pathways. A couple of N2O production pathways may occur simultaneously, it is thus difficult to quantify the contribution of a single pathway to N2O production. However, quantifying the contribution of individual pathways to total N2O production is necessary to mitigate soil N2O emission, or to simulate soil N2O production and its responses to global change using Earth system models. Some methods have been developed to decipher N2O production pathways, including molecular methods, inhibition techniques, and stable isotope methods. Here, we review current status of soil N2O production pathways and their research methods. We pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of each method and the knowledge gaps. The information is useful for researchers to carry out relevant researches, or can help understand the major sources of soil N2O emission and thus make effective measures to mitigate soil N2O emission. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects of tidal creek connectivity on fish communities in the Yangtze River estuary wetlands. MA Qiaozhen, ZHANG Tingting, ZHAO Feng, ZHANG Tao, YANG Gang, WANG Sikai Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (4): 913-921.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202404.002 Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （1806KB）（168）       Knowledge map    Save Tidal creeks are the main transporting and exchanging channels of nutrient between estuarine wetlands and adjacent waters, and also serve as the key habitats and migration channels for fish and other aquatic animals. It is of great importance to maintain good connectivity of tidal creeks for the sustainable development of fisheries resources in estuarine wetlands and adjacent waters. Compared with the higher-order ones, the lower-order tidal creeks are more ecologically vulnerable. The highly connected areas of the lower-order creeks are preferred habitats for fish. To quantify the connectivity of lower-order tidal creeks in the Dongtang tidal flat, located in the Chongming Island of the Yangtze River estuary, six indicators from two categories (hydrological group and fish migrating behavior group) were chosen, including cross-sectional area (m), β index, diameter (m), total number of connections between nodes, total length of connections between nodes (m), and measures of local centrality. These indicators were used to analyze the effects of creek connectivity on the distribution of fish communities. The habitat preference mechanism of fish communities could be verified in the lower-order tidal creeks of estuarine wetland. The node path set, which was derived from the fish migrating group and represented by three indicators (total number of connections between nodes, total length of connections between nodes, measures of local centrality) had significant differences (P<0.05) in fish abundance and biomass among the tidal creeks, with high, middle, and low connectivity. This result could effectively verify the effects of connectivity on fish community distribution in the lower-order tidal creeks. Since the node path set was mainly composed of indicators quantifying the lateral connectivity of tidal creeks with adjacent patches, the result also suggested that the habitat preference of fish may be mainly correlated with the lateral connectivity of lower-order tidal creeks, but not with the hydrological connectivity of the higher-order tidal creeks. The characteristics of the lower-order tidal creeks with high connectivity were also clarified, which showed higher measures of local centrality (the average measures of local centrality of the network was 11), more total number of connections between nodes (the average number of paths was 6), and wider swimming range (total length of connections between nodes was about 800 m). The larger the range of suitable habitat for foraging and sheltering, the more this kind of tidal creek could attract small fish or juvenile fish, especially the detritivory and strong swimmer species to habitat. Our results can provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration of wetland tidal creeks. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Spatialtemporal variations of landscape stability in northern Zhejiang based on MCCA multi-scenario simulation. SHI Qing-xia, ZHANG Ya-ping, XU Bin Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (2): 445-453.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202302.010 Abstract （88）      PDF（pc） （2996KB）（65）       Knowledge map    Save The analysis on spatial-temporal variations of landscape stability under different scenarios is of importance to ecological security pattern construction and landscape planning. Based on GlobeLand30 land use data from three periods in 2000-2020 and multi-scenario simulation settings, we quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of spatial-temporal variations of landscape stability in northern Zhejiang, using MCCA (Mixed-cell Cellular Automata) model and landscape stability evaluation model. The results showed that the mean value of landscape stability of various types in northern Zhejiang in 2000-2020 was in an order of forest>farmland>construction land>water>grassland>sea area, and that the area proportion and transformation of different landscape types were important factors influencing the variations of regional landscape stability. There were differences in the variations of landscape stabi-lity of various types in 2030. Construction land had the highest stability under the scenario of urban construction (0.098). Landscape stability of farmland was basically unchanged under the scenario of farmland control (0.812). The change rate of landscape stability in northern Zhejiang increased first and then decreased in the temporal dimension, with an unbalanced trend in the spatial dimension. Our results provided the theoretical basis and decision basis for regulation and control of ecological landscape pattern in northern Zhejiang. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dynamic assessment of ecoenvironmental quality in Yangtze River Delta integration demonstration area based on GEE and RSEI. HE Tian-xing, TIAN Ning, ZHOU Rui, MA Qun, ZHANG Jie, GAO Jun Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (2): 436-444.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202302.017 Abstract （85）      PDF（pc） （3126KB）（64）       Knowledge map    Save The rapid monitoring and quantitative evaluation of eco-environmental quality change can provide decision support for regional ecological environment collaborative governance and management policy formulation. Based on Landsat5/TM and Landsat8/OLI images, using Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI), comprehensively considering various eco-environmental factors such as humidity, greenness, dryness, and heat, we quantitatively evaluated the changes of eco-environmental quality in the Yangtze River Delta integration demonstration area from 2000 to 2020. We analyzed the effects of social and economic factors on eco-environmental quality by combining GDP and population data. The results showed that greenness contributed most and positively to the eco-environmental quality of the study area. Thermal index was the main factor resulting in the degradation of regional eco-environmental quality. The eco-environmental quality of the study area was generally at a medium level, which showed a steady upward trend during 2000-2020. Specifically, the eco-environmental quality of Qingpu District increased obviously, while that of Wujiang District and Jiashan County decreased slightly. From 2000 to 2020, the proportion of areas with improved eco-environmental quality (30.45%) was slightly higher than that of degraded area (28.35%), and the proportion of areas with good and excellent grades increased from 27.34% to 29.79%. There were significant differences in eco-environment quality among districts/counties and towns in different periods. Population growth had a significant negative impact on eco-environment quality. Economic development was not at the cost of eco-environment, and the relationship between economic development and eco-environment quality was decoupled. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Photosynthetic physiological response of rice seedlings to water stress and high CO2 concentration. CUI Jinghui, WANG Yidan, QI Xiufen, WANG Xuhao, TIAN Lu, WANG Lanlan Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1381-1388.   Abstract （80）      PDF（pc） （1288KB）（177）       Knowledge map    Save In this study, rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar “Liao Star 1” was used as the material to examine the effects of high CO2 concentration and drought stress on photosynthetic physiology of rice seedlings under CO2 concentrations of 380±10 and 760±20 μmol·mol-1, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for explaining how plants cope with complex environmental changes. PEG-6000 (0, 5%, 10%, and 15%) was used to simulate rhizosphere drought stress. Single drought stress inhibited the growth of rice seedlings, decreased plant height, root length, fresh weight and dry weight, with stronger inhibitory effect on aboveground part than that on underground part, and on fresh weight than on dry weight. Under drought stress, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) were significantly decreased compared with the control. Under light (5%) and moderate (10%) drought stress, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) decreased, and the decrease of Pn was largely due to stomatal factors. Under severe (15%) drought stress, Ci increased, and the decrease of Pn was largely due to non-stomatal factors. The chloroplast pigment contents, initial fluorescence yield (Fo), largest PSII photo-chemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), and potential photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fo) did not change significantly under mild drought stress. Fo did not change significantly under moderate drought stress, but significantly increased under severe drought stress. Under moderate and severe drought stress, Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Chla, Chlb, Car contents were significantly decreased. Compared with the control, high CO2 concentration alone promoted the growth of rice seedlings, plant height and root length, with stronger promotion effect on root than plant height. The dry weight of underground part increased significantly due to its promoting effect on dry weight than fresh weight. High CO2 concentration significantly increased Pn, and decreased Gs, Tr and Ci. Photosynthesis was also increased by the increases of Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and Chla, Chlb, Car contents. Under high CO2 and water stress, high CO2 promoted the growth of rice seedlings compared with water stress alone, Pn, Gs and Tr were also significantly increased. Photosynthesis was promoted by the increases of Fv/Fm, Fv/Fo and contents of chlorophyll and decrease of Fo, and thus reduced damage induced by water stress. The decrease of Pn under severe water stress transformed from non-stomatal factors to stomatal factors. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Three endangered Pteridaceae species in China: Current population and conservation suggestion. YUAN Quan, LIU Yong-bo, JIN Dong-mei, SONG Yi-gang, Morigengaowa, GU Yu-feng, DAI Xi-ling, YAN Yue-hong Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (10): 1895-1902.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202209.012 Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （3939KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Pteridaceae is the fourth fern family in China with respect to species richness, which contains 18 threatened species with various ecotypes including terrestrial, lithophytic and aquatic. Understanding the status of endangered Pteridaceae species with different ecotypes can provide useful information for the conservation of the endangered fern species. We investigated the location and size of natural populations of three endangered Pteridaceae species on the Chinese mainland: Adiantum nelumboiddes and Aleuritopteris grevilleoides, both terrestrial or lithophytic, and aquatic Ceratopteris pteridoides. We compared their climatic adaptability with 19 bioclimatic factors from WorldClim and found their dominant climatic factors. We simulated their potential distribution patterns using MaxEnt model under current climate scenario. Ad. nelumboiddes, is sensitive to the temperature annual range (bio7) and confined in the canyon of the Yangtze River from Zhongxian County to Wanzhou District of Chongqing City. Its natural population size is extremely small, with a total of about 500 individuals. Since it has high medical and economic values, the natural population has been under the pressure of serious human disturbance. Al. grevilleoides prefers warm winter (bio11) and low annual precipitation (bio12) and is found in Dayao County of Chuxiong Autonomous Prefecture and Luquan County of Kunming City in the north of Yunnan Province. The model simulation showed that Yuanmou, Yongren and Yongsheng in Yunnan Province which belonged to the dry warm valleys of the Jinsha River basin, were highly suitable areas for Al. grevilleoides. Population size of C. pteridoides was much larger than other two species, which is widely distributed in the shallow wetlands of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as well as the in the reed marsh at the lakeshore of Weishan Lake in Shandong Province. We proposed suggestions for the conservation of these three species. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of urban green space ecological network in Chengdu based on morphological spatial pattern analysis and graph theory. ZHOU Yuan, TANG Mi, CHEN Juan, LI Bei Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1527-1536.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.014 Abstract （65）      PDF（pc） （6790KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save The construction of green space ecological network is a key point for urban and rural green space to play its compound ecological efficiency, which is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of urban and rural ecological environment. In this study, we extracted the spatial distribution information of green space in the central urban area of Chengdu to quantify the spatial connectivity characteristics of green space ecological network, and examined the optimal structure of urban green space ecological network by using morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and graph theory. The results showed that MSPA method could effectively identify the systemically important core areas and connecting-bridge areas. The green space ecological network constructed by graph theory presented the following characteristics: (1) The south and north parts of Chengdu were dominated by river corridors, with complex network structure. (2) The west part of Chengdu was dominated by isolated island green patches, with relatively less corridors. (3) The connectivity of green space network had obvious spatial differences, with a decreasing trend from west to east and from periphery to center. Finally, based on the graph metrics, important ecological sources, stepping-stone patches and important connected ecological corridors were selected in the central Chengdu to optimize the structure of green space ecological network. The optimization of green space ecological network based on MSPA and graph theory has crucial theoretical reference and method support for urban green space system planning. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (6): 1041-1049.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202205.009 Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （2107KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Climate change directly affects the geographical distribution of vegetation. Larix gmelinii forest is mainly distributed in Greater Khingan Range and Xiao Hinggan Range in Northeast China. It is located in the southern edge of the boreal forest, with high sensitivity to changes in water and heat conditions. In this study, MAXENT model was used to simulate the spatial distribution of L. gmelinii forest in Northeast China, the potential spatial distribution of different representative concentration paths (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) in 2050s and 2070s, and the responses of suitable areas of L. gmelinii forest to climate change. Results showed that environmental factors that mainly contribute to the geographical distribution of L. gmelinii forest included annual temperature range, aspect, seasonal temperature change, mean temperature in the driest season, and minimum temperature in the coldest month. The cumulative contribution rate of those five factors reached 83.80%. Part of L. gmelinii forests in Northeast China are mainly distributed in Greater Khingan Range of Heilongjiang Province and the northern part of Hulunbeier City in Inner Mongolia, which is dominated by the state-owned forest in Greater Khingan Range. The other part is dominated by the state-owned forest in the central and northern part of Xiao Hinggan Range in Heihe City and Yichun City in Heilongjiang Province. Under all kinds of future climate scenarios, the newly increased suitable area of L. gmelinii forest would be less in 2050 and 2070. The suitable area of the east side of Greater Khingan Range and the Xiao Hinggan Range would show stronger decrease. The loss rate of the suitable area would be 15.06%-38.87%, concentrated in Heihe City and Yichun City of Heilongjiang Province. The response of L. gmeliniiforest to climate change was analyzed using the multi-classification Logistic regression method. Results showed that the decrease of seasonal variation of temperature and precipitation, the increase of precipitation in the driest season, and the increase of the highest temperature in the warmest month were the main reasons accounting for the reduction of suitable area of L. gmelinii forest. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Soil nutrients and enzyme activities in different types of forest plantations in karst degraded mountainous sites. Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 616-622.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.035 Abstract （62）      PDF（pc） （977KB）（67）       Knowledge map    Save Artificial vegetation restoration is one of the significant ways of ecological restoration in degraded karst mountainous areas. We investigated soil nutrient contents and soil enzyme activities and their correlations across three types of forest plantations, including Cupressus duclouxina forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and C. duclouxina-R. pseudoacacia mixed forest, with unplanted land (control). We aimed to provide a reference basis for selecting suitable planting species and methods to improve soil quality in this region. The results showed that: (1) soils of all four vegetation types were alkaline, and soil pH of plantations was significantly lower than that of the unplanted land. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the soil of plantations were significantly higher than that of the unplanted land, while the contents of total potassium and available potassium were significantly lower than that of unplanted land. (2) Except for alkaline phosphatase, the activities of other four enzymes were the highest in C. duclouxina-R. pseudoacacia mixed forest. The activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase in plantations were higher than those in the unplanted land. (3) The main factors influenced by soil nutrients were different for urease, polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase, while the correlation between peroxidase activity and nutrient indicators was not significant. (4) Results of redundancy analysis showed that soil total nitrogen and phosphorus contents had significant effects on soil enzyme activities in different types of plantations, which could explain 60.7% of the variation of enzyme activities. The cumulative contribution rate of variance of enzyme activity and nutrient characteristic relationship was 78.8%. Artificial vegetation restoration in degraded karst mountainous sites could improve soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities, thereby improving soil quality, and then lay the foundation for further improving the service functions and stability of plantation ecosystems and promoting the quality of regional ecological environment.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil organic carbon in permafrost regions of the source region of the Yangtze River, China. ZHANG Chao-fei, MA Su-ping, HE Xiao-bo, WANG Shao-yong Chinese Journal of Ecology    2022, 41 (9): 1665-1673.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202209.002 Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （2268KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Organic carbon in permafrost regions has a rapid and strong response to climate warming. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its influencing factors, with 120 soil samples from 40 sampling points in the permafrost source region of the Yangtze River, China. The results showed that SOC contents at 0-10 , 10-20, and 20-30 cm soil depths were 8.00±4.95, 7.65±5.21, and 7.28±5.00 g·kg-1, respectively. Average SOC contents within 0-30 cm at 4400-4500, 4500-4600, 4600-4700, 4700-4800, 4800-4900, 4900-5000, 5000-5100, 5100-5250 m altitudes were 3.25±0.43, 3.67±1.88, 7.76±4.77, 7.62±3.24, 6.78±3.28, 7.85±4.94, 11.61±4.31, 11.48±4.73 g·kg-1, respectively. Average SOC contents within 0-30 cm at 33°-34°, 34°-35°, and 35°-36°N latitudes were 9.47±4.44, 3.42±2.04, and 4.21±1.58 g·kg-1, respectively. SOC content decreased with increasing soil depth and increasing latitude, but increased with increasing altitude. SOC content was positively correlated with the mean annual normalized difference vegetation index, mean annual precipitation, volumetric water content, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity (P<0.01), and was negatively correlated with mean annual temperature and pH at all three depths (P<0.01). Soil bulk density had a significant effect on SOC content at 0-10 cm depth (P<0.05). Clay content significantly affected SOC content at the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depths (P<0.05). Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were the main factors affecting the distribution of SOC in the study area. These results provide basic data and theoretical support for accurately simulating and estimating SOC storage in the permafrost regions in the source region of the Yangtze River. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress on ecological adaptation, physiological and genetic mechanisms of animal personality in small mammals. GAN Lin, LIU Wei, WANG Dehua Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (3): 725-735.   Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （636KB）（72）       Knowledge map    Save Mounting evidence has shown that animal personality is correlated with behavior, physiology, genetics and ecological adaptation. However, most studies about animal personality focus on non-mammals, with limited understanding on mammals (especially small mammals). Here, we review the origin of animal personality conception and the establishment of research methods. From the perspective of ecological adaptation, we summarized the research progress of behavior (including foraging, reproduction, dispersal and group living), physiology and genetic consequences of animal personality in small mammals. Furthermore, we summarized current research status of two important hypotheses about the adaptive mechanisms of animal personality, “the pace of life syndrome” hypothesis and “the state-behavior feedback” hypothesis. Finally, we discussed and prospected the possible future developments of animal personality research in small mammals. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effect of bioorganic fertilizer on soil quality and yield of continuous cropping sugar beet under reduced chemical fertilizer application. TIAN Lu, SU Wenbin, GUO Xiaoxia, HUANG Chunyan, JIAN Caiyuan, ZHANG Peng, LI Zhi, HAN Kang Chinese Journal of Ecology    2024, 43 (3): 665-674.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.044 Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （3889KB）（27）       Knowledge map    Save We explored the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil structure, nutrient characteristics, biological characteristics and yield of continuous cropping sugar beet, with the aim to screen out the best application amount of bioorganic fertilizer. With the conventional fertilization (900 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer) as the control (CK), we set up bioorganic fertilizer treatments (BOF1: 1500 kg·hm-2; BOF2: 3000 kg·hm-2; BOF3: 4500 kg·hm-2; BOF4: 6000 kg·hm-2; BOF5: 7500 kg·hm-2) on the basis of reducing 300 kg·hm-2 chemical fertilizer. The results showed that the effects of BOF1 on soil quality indices were not significant. The BOF2 significantly increased the content of soil organic matter and available potassium. The BOF3 significantly reduced soil bulk density by 5.11%, significantly increased soil total porosity by 5.92%, soil organic matter by 14.07%, soil alkaline nitrogen by 18.35%, soil available phosphorus by 3.59%, and soil available potassium by 14.61%. Treatments BOF4 and BOF5 had similar effects on soil quality and beet yield. BOF4 and BOF5 significantly reduced soil bulk density by 9.33% and 9.65%, significantly increased soil porosity by 10.82% and 11.19%, soil organic matter by 27.22% and 27.78%, soil alkaline nitrogen by 31.62% and 35.42%, soil available phosphorus by 44.10% and 54.87%, soil available potassium by 22.93% and 30.03%, respectively. Both treatments significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon by 22.78%-44.19% and 23.81%-60.17%, microbial biomass nitrogen by 2.45%-37.64% and 16.74%-43.56%, invertase activity by 26.03%-38.61% and 29.27%-44.71%, urease activity by 42.72%-63.20% and 51.59%-69.89%, alkaline phosphatase activity by 3.59%-33.44% and 29.60%-38.62%. There were no significant differences in each soil quality index between these two treatments. Compared with CK, the yield of BOF2, BOF3, BOF4 and BOF5 increased by 5.69%, 11.82%, 22.29%, and 11.95%, respectively. The beet yield of treatment BOF4 was significantly higher than that of BOF2, BOF3, and BOF5. Treatment BOF4 increased the economic benefits of continuous cropping sugar beet by 12.79%. In all, the application of 6000 kg·hm-2 bioorganic fertilizer can achieve the synergetic improvement of soil quality, yield and economic benefits of continuous cropping sugar beet. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Temporal and spatial variations of ecological quality of Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration based on Google Earth Engine cloud platform. WU Xiaobo, FAN Xiaoyu, LIU Xiaojing, XIAO Lin, MA Qimin, HE Ning, GAO Sizhuo, QIAO Yuting Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (3): 759-768.   DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202303.009 Abstract （56）      PDF（pc） （4237KB）（90）       Knowledge map    Save Rapid urbanization has a stressful effect on regional ecological environment. Timely monitoring of ecolo-gical quality changes is thus crucial for urban ecological management and planning. The remote sensing-based ecological index (RSEI) is an objective, quick, and easy tool for monitoring and evaluating ecological quality, which has been frequently used in ecological research. However, large-scale and long-term monitoring is frequently confronted with the problem of cloud blockage. Based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform and its massive MODIS remote sensing images, we calculated remote sensing indices of greenness, humidity, dryness, and heat of Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration (CCUA) annually by using the median synthesis method, and constructed the RSEI using the principal component analysis to evaluate the temporal and spatial variations of ecological quality in this area in the past 20 years. The results showed that: (1) The RSEI of the CCUA showed a slow upward trend and remained stable since 2012. The ecological quality in hilly area of central Sichuan and Chengdu Plain had been deteriorated dramatically, and were significantly improved in mountainous areas of the northeastern Chongqing; (2) The changes in the CCUA’s ecological quality showed clear spatial autocorrelation. The Moran’s I index was 0.825. Greenness and wetness indices were positively correlated with RSEI, while heat and dryness indices were negatively correlated with it, and the greenness was the primary driver for the changes in ecological quality of the CCUA. (3) Image processing based on GEE cloud computing may considerably enhance image processing efficiency, and address the problem of remote sensing data missing due to overcast and wet conditions. It also has the potential to broaden the scope of RSEI’s use in large-scale and long-term sequence ecological monitoring. Our findings can be used as a theoretical basis for environmental conservation and land management under the context of rapid urbanization. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Oxidative stress and metabolic adaptations of liver to hibernating and non-hibernating states in Eremias multiocellata. ZHANG Xiujing, ZHONG Qiumei, ZHENG Yanghui, WANG Jianli Chinese Journal of Ecology    2023, 42 (6): 1417-1425.   Abstract （56）      PDF（pc） （2010KB）（71）       Knowledge map    Save Studies of oxidative stress contribute to understanding relationships between animal life history and habitat. Oxidative stress in animals is closely related to their metabolism. To explore the effects of habitat and hibernation on oxidative and metabolic responses in lizards, we compared the basal activities of key antioxidant enzymes and metabolic enzymes and liver glycogen content in Eremias multiocellata from a low-altitude desert with those in Scincella tsinlingensis from a high-altitude mountainous region. We assessed these parameters and the expression of the genes encoding glycogen synthase-2 (GYS2), phosphorylase (PYGL) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) in E. multiocellata during summer active period (July), hibernating period (December), and spring arousal period (April). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and citrate synthase (CS) were significantly lower in E. multiocellata than in S. tsinlingensis, while malondialdehyde (MDA) displayed an opposite trend. There were no significant differences in liver glycogen content between the two species. Liver SOD, GPX, and CAT activities in E. multiocellata were significantly higher during arousal period than those during active and hibernating periods, while MDA content was significantly lower in hibernating and arousal periods than that in the active period. CS activity was significantly higher during hibernation than that during the other periods. Liver glycogen was significantly reduced during arousal period relative to active and hibernating periods. Expression of GYS2, PYGL, and XDH genes in the liver was lower during hibernation than that during the other periods. These results indicate that E. multiocellata living in low-altitude desert areas displays a reduced dependence upon oxidative metabolism relative to S. tsinlingensis living in high-altitude mountain areas. The oxidative stress resistance and metabolic levels of E. multiocellata showed an adaptive response to seasons. Antioxidant enzyme activities in the liver were broadly up-regulated during the arousal period but not during the hibernating period, which may be associated with restored metabolism during the arousal period. These results enrich our understanding of lizards’ adaptabilities to oxidative stress. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）