Abstract: Ecological regulation, which controls invasive plants by shifting interspecific relationships, demonstrates potential in addressing ecological challenges caused by the expansion of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). However, the effects of regulatory measures on soil bacterial communities remain poorly understood. To clarify how different regulatory measures affect the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities under Moso bamboo expansion, we established management experiments in Moso bamboo invasion zones within Anji County, Zhejiang Province, China. There were three interventions in the experimental design, including clear-cutting, site preparation and replanting, with bamboo-fir mixed forest serving as the control (CK). High-throughput sequencing was applied to assess structural and functional alterations in soil bacterial communities. The results showed that all regulatory measures induced an upward trend in ɑ-diversity indices of soil bacterial communities in the bamboo-fir mixed forest. Among the treatments, the clear cutting of bamboo, full site preparation, replanting broad-leaved tree species (CFB) exhibited the highest Shannon index and the lowest Simpson index. β-diversity analysis revealed the lowest structural similarity in soil bacterial communities between the CFB and CK. Regulatory measures involving site preparation and replanting significantly altered the relative abundance of soil microbiota. In CK, dominant bacterial phyla included Proteobacteria (36.52%), Acidobacteria (22.89%), Actinobacteria (18.46%), Chloroflexi (4.08%), and WPS-2 (3.10%). Following regulatory treatments, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria significantly decreased (P<0.05). The lowest abundance of Proteobacteria (28.83%) was observed in the clear cutting of bamboo, hole-like site preparation, replanting coniferous tree species (CHC), while clear cutting of bamboo, full site preparation, replanting coniferous tree species (CFC) exhibited the lowest Acidobacteria abundance (18.74%). The relative abundance of Actinobacteria in the CFB was the lowest, accounting for 15.67%. Chloroflexi exhibited universal increases across all treatments. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified Chthoniobacteraceae in the CFB and f_norank_o_norank_c_Acidimicrobiia in the clear cutting of bamboo, hole-like site preparation, replanting broad-leaved tree species (CHB) as key discriminators with significant abundance shifts. In conclusion, our results indicate that different regulatory measures in Moso bamboo expansion areas affect the composition of soil bacterial communities, with strongest effect on the relative abundance of dominant soil bacterial groups. The study provides important data references for further exploring the impacts of Moso bamboo expansion regulation methods on soil microbe-mediated ecological processes, and facilitates understanding of the role of stand regulatory management.

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