In this paper, the quantitative characteristics of plant germplasm resources in Horqin grassland of Tongliao area were studied by using samplingplot method. The results show that it is quite abundant and complicated for species composition of plants in Horqin grassland with 42 families, 163 genera, and 276 species, of which the finepasture species accounted for 35.15%. The types of grassland can be divided into 5 categories, 7 subcategories and 17 grassland groups. Among them, the community in which Leymus chinensis is the constructive species is most widely distributed. The aboveground biomass of L. chinensis community significantly increases with the increase of species diversity. Meanwhile, the aboveground biomass of L. chinensis community varies with the geographical factors, i.e. the grassland aboveground biomass increases with the increase of longitude and decreases with the increase of latitude. Our results provide some important insights for increasing the yield of highquality pasture, improving degraded grassland and developing grassland animal husbandry. Furthermore, this study provides an important reference for the restoration and reconstruction of Horqin grassland, and thus the local economic development of the study area.