Abstract: The population structure and dynamics characters reflect the survival status of plant species and their interactions with environment. Metasequoia glyptostroboides, a famous living fossil, is one of the greatest botanical discoveries of the 20th century. Even extensively planted around world, we still know little about the current population status of M. glyptostroboides parent trees in the natural ecosystem. In this study, the population structure and dynamics were analyzed based on the investigation data on the natural population of M. glyptostroboides parent trees. The results showed that: (1) The natural regeneration of M. glyptostroboides was extremely weak and the individuals <40 cm DBH (diameter at breast height) only accounted for 4.5% of the total population. The spindleshaped DBH structure indicated a depression tendency for M. glyptostroboides population. (2) The survival rate of the population was low for young individuals and the survival ability of middle aged individuals were strong. After reaching Ⅷ class age, the number of survival individuals decreased greatly. The survival curve of the population approached to DeeveyⅢ  type. (3) The population showed a slight decrease at the early stage, fluctuation at the middle stage and depression at the late stage. The young stage was the fragile period during the population life history. After the Ⅷ class age, the population entered the period of physiological recession. (4) The time sequence analysis predicted that the number of young and middleaged individuals would gradually decrease and old individuals would increase for the upcoming eight years. It’s very hard to maintain the longterm stability of M. glyptostroboides population. Our results indicated that the extreme lack of young individuals was the main reason for the depression tendency of M. glyptostroboides population. In order to restore population, it’s urgent to provide proper artificial aid recovery and reinforce protection of existing parent trees as well as their habitats.