Abstract: Taking Hedysarum laeve shrubs with different aerial seeding durations in the Mu Us Sandy Land as the study object, we investigated the root biomass and rhizome numbers of H. laeve at different soil depths using the quadrat mining method to analyze the distribution pattern of H. laeve roots. The results showed that with the increase of aerial seeding duration, the importance value of H. laeve decreased, while the importance value of Artemisia ordosica increased, indicating a trend of H. laeve being replaced by A. ordosica. With the increase of aerial seeding duration, rootshoot ratio of H. laeve decreased, and the value was 3.24, 1.87 and 1.32 for 13, 29 and 37 years aerial seeding plots, respectively. Root biomass and rhizome numbers of H. laeve at different aerial seeding durations significantly decreased with soil depth and aerial seeding duration. Root biomass and rhizome numbers of H. laeve  increased with the decrease of slope position. Most roots of H. laeve distributed in 0-40 cm, and root distribution tended to be more close to the ground surface with the increase of aerial seeding duration and the decrease of slope position.