Abstract: Lake wetlands provide humans with a great diversity of ecosystem services which are necessary for maintaining basic human needs and sustaining development in China. However, lake wetland resources nationwide are under great exploitation and utilization, which are significantly impairing the capacity of lake wetlands to provide the diversity of ecosystem services necessary to support human wellbeing. Implementing dynamic lake wetland ecosystem services monitoring can help minimize ecosystem services doublecounting and promote ecosystem services management practices. In this paper, we identified the necessary requirements for lake wetland ecosystem services monitoring and then analyzed the principles and perspectives for selecting monitoring indicators to measure lake wetland ecosystem services. We present a  set of ecosystem services monitoring indicators (including final ecosystem services and relevant ecosystem characteristics) to advance dynamic ecosystem services valuation, tradeoffs analyses, and the creation of ecological production functions in China. Final ecosystem services are biophysical outcomes which are of obvious and clear relevance to human wellbeing. Ecosystem characteristics are attributes of ecosystems measured as ecosystem structures, processes, and functions. Provisioning and cultural services are often final services while most regulating (i.e., ecosystem functions) and supporting services (i.e., ecosystem processes) are intermediate services. In order to overcome the significant challenge in credible evaluation of regulating and cultural services, and doublecounting in valuing regulating services, we propose scientists focus on establishing a lake wetland monitoring program to measure final ecosystem service indicators and relevant ecosystem characteristics metrics as a first step. We also discuss how to combine macromonitoring and local monitoring methods to monitor lake wetland ecosystem services across multiple scales. Our study is important to help acquire the necessary data to create ecological production functions to improve efforts on economic valuation by revealing the dynamic change of ecosystem services, and to effectively quantify the tradeoffs among different stakeholders. Monitoring programs are critical to moving lake wetland ecosystem services from scientific theory into management practices.

Key words: CO₂ concentration, EPG technology., Nilaparvata lugens, suck-feeding behavior, growth and development