Abstract: High-efficiency washing agents, including surfactant and assistant cleansing agents, were screened for soil contaminated by high-concentration petroleum. We assessed the elution efficiency and optimized elution parameters according to the effects of absorbing total petroleum and different group components. The results showed that surfactants SYO(0.25%), SDBS(0.25%), TX-100(0.25%), and AEO(0.75%) were better in desorbing petroleum. The optimized cleansing condition was shaking strength of 500 r·min^-1 at 65 ℃ for 60 min. Under such condition, the desorption efficiency of TX-100 was the highest, reaching 78.87%. The effect of Na₂SiO₃ was the best among three screened assistant cleansing agents, with the elution rate being increased by 21.52% when mixed with SDBS. The mixture of Na₂SiO₃ and SDBS desorbed 85% of saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon. More than 80% of resin and asphaltene were desorbed. Our results provide reference for cleansing soil contaminated with heavy oils.

Key words:  , Maxent model, road, breeding habitat., Nipponia nippon