Abstract: Biological invasion is one of the major causes of global biodiversity loss. Although some progress has been made in its management and control, there are still problems in restoring the invaded ecosystems and completing the management objectives. We reviewed the restraining factors on invasive plant management and control. The following problems are found in the management of invasive plants: (1) the precautionary principle is not fully applicable to invasion managements; (2) invasion management is facing the problems of lacking public participation, single ecological responsibility subject, and multiple management; (3) target conflicts exist in management of invasion management and social management and ecological environmental protection; (4) measures on invasive plants control are costly, susceptible to environmental factors, and common to produce side effects; (5) legacy effects and secondary invasion emerged after target plants are controlled. In addition, global change may exacerbate plant invasion and change the concept of human beings, which will further increase the difficulty of control. Hence, to enhance the effectiveness of management and control efforts and restore invaded ecosystems, it is necessary to strengthen the research on ecological effects of invasive species, invaded habitat restoration, and management decision at large spatial and temporal scales.

Key words: environmental factor, soil nutrient, wild fruit forest, stoichiometry, ecological conservation.