Abstract: Based on habitat type, Orthopteran insects in Jinan is grouped into five communities,namely Barrenland community,Xeric(vegetation) community, Hygrophytic-mesophytic community ,Halobiotic community,Spelaean community, each one of which has characteristic dominant orthopteran species.The Shannon-Wiener function and Simpson index were employed to analyze community composition. Diversity and evenness were highest in the Xeric (vegetation) community(2.6862,0.9243 and 0.8145,0.9782) and lowest in the bare area community(0.8262,0.4150 and 0.5093,0.5533). The results of this study supported spatial heterogeneity theory.Horizontal structure,such as patchness and mosaicism,and vertical stratification of vegetation in the xeric(vegetation) habitat were found to play an important role in the species richness of orthopteran insect. In addition,the influence of cutting,grazing,and the spraying of insecticides on the population and community of orthopteran insect was also studied.

Key words: antibiotic, antibiotic resistance gene, horizontal gene transfer, multiple antibiotic resistance.