Abstract: Mangroves are the diverse communities of tropical to subtropical trees and shrubs growing in inter-tidal zone. This particular zone endows the mangrove plants the capability of resisting and reducing contamination. However, there are still controversies about whether natural mangrove forests can be utilized to treat wastewater. According to the types of constructed mangrove wetlands, they are classified into three groups, i.e., simulated tide wetland system, constructed wetland wastewater treatment system, and integrated mangrove-aquiculture system. The first one simulates the tidal situation of true seashore; the second one resembles most of ordinary constructed wetlands; while the third one is the aquiculture pond planted with mangrove to remove organic matter and nutrients. Different types of the constructed wetlands are the evidences of the progress in research work, showing the gradual process from theory to practice. It is feasible and promising to use constructed mangrove wetlands for wastewater treatment.

Key words: Rice, Genotype, Dry matter accumulation, Crop growth rate (CGR), Leaf area index (LAI), Spikelet/ leaf area ratio