Abstract: Ecosystem health in relation to biodiversity is a major subject in ecology. Firstly, it is biodiversity that makes ecological processes operating. Secondly, biodiversity is the material base of ecosystem for its ability in resisting disturbances and in adapting to environmental changes. The maintenance of ecosystem health relies on the biodiversity, productivity, and regeneration of the system. Thirdly, the assessment of ecosystem health depends on our knowledge in ecological processes, while the biodiversity and its function in ecosystem is the base of ecological processes. This paper summarized the relationships between biodiversity and forest ecosystem health in terms of the heterogeneity of forest ecosystem, inter-species relationships and key species, invasion of exogenous species, and “green desert”, and discussed the related problems in China.

Key words: Vegetation map, 3S technology, Error matrix, Accuracy analysis, Meili Snow Mountain