Abstract: In the traditional planning of coal exploitation, no sufficient consideration was made on the development of recycling economy and the protection of eco-environment, which was disadvantageous to the regional scale environment protection. Based on the integrated analysis of regional ecological condition, geographical characteristics and economic development level, and from the viewpoint of resources and environment protection, the coal mine-enrichment areas in China were planned into three functional zones, i. e. , key exploitation zone, moderate exploitation zone, and restrictive exploitation zone, and further divided into five typical zones, i. e. , Loess Plateau hilly and gully zone, plain mine-grain complex zone, Yunnan-Guizhou mountainous zone, Northwest desert grassland and East Mongolia forest grassland and meadow grassland zone, according to their physical geographic and ecological characteristics. Different countermeasures were brought forward to solve different environment problems in each zone.

Key words: Winter wheat, Photosynthesis, Transpiration, Water use efficiency