Abstract: Based on four field investigations in July-September from 2004 to 200 7 and reference data, the characteristics of wetland flora in whooper swan natur e reserve in Rongcheng of Shandong were analyzed. There were 192 species and 59 genera of single-celled phytoplankton, 74 species and 58 genera of large benthi c multicellular marine algae, and 194 species, 134 genera and 55 families of vas cular plant. The single-celled phytoplankton included 116 inshore wide distribu tion species, 31 inshore warm-water species and 26 inshore temperate species, a nd the vascular plants were of 6 ecological groups, i.e., halophtes (24 species) , hydrophtes (22 species), amphiphytes (35 species), mesophytes (103 species), z erophytes (6 species), and psammons (4 species). Halophtes, hydrophtes, and amph iphytes were the edificators and dominants, reflecting the azonal feature of the wetland vegetations. The vascular plants were divided into 5 life-forms, inclu ding 20 phaenerophytes, 4 chamaephytes, 54 hemicryptophytes, 48 geophytes and 68 therophytes, among which, hemicryptophytes and geophytes accounted for 5258%, reflecting the relatively important function of cold and wet climate and local water-accumulated bottomland environment on the vascular flora formation. The 1 34 genera of vascular plants had 14 areal-types, including 42 cosmopolitans, 55 temperate types, 30 tropic types, 2 Mediterranean-types, 2 East Asia types, an d 1 endemic species. The cosmopolitan and temperate type accounted for 3134% a nd 4104% of all the genera, respectively, revealing the azonal feature of the wetland vegetations and the influences of cold and wet climate on the formation and distribution of the vegetations.

Key words: Rice-duck farming system, Oryza sativa, Eco-physiology, Growth, Yield