Abstract: An investigation on the current status of distribution and population of the Green peafowl in the Xishuangbanna prefecture was carreied out during 1994-1995. According to the results of investigation, estimating population of the Green peafowl is only 19-25 in Xishuangbanna, the “peacock hometown” named in the past. And the more serious situation is that the survival population was distributed in three small inconnected areas:Dadugan,Jinno in Jinghong,and Manggao in Menghai. Decreasing rate of distribution is 84.15% compared with the situation in 1980's. Habitat lost, hunting and poisoned by pesticide are main three reasons that decreased the population.

Key words: Hulunbeier sandy land, vegetation restoration, nifH gene, denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis (DGGE), community diversity.