Abstract: To meet the severe challenge of climate warming, the construction of photovoltaic (PV) power stations in China has increased rapidly. Mountainous areas gradually become important sites for PV deployment. Due to the high ecological sensitivity of mountain landscapes, large-scale installation of PV panels would affect the local climate. We used a fixed-point monitoring method using MaxiMet GMX600 weather stations and 5TM soil temperature and moisture sensors to monitor air temperature, air humidity, wind environment, soil temperature, and soil moisture at a mountainous PV power station from October 2024 to October 2025. We compared daily, monthly, and seasonal variations among different PV zones, and analyzed the impacts of the PV power station on local climate. The results showed that the PV power station exhibited an overall “warming and drying” effect on the air environment from the outer to the inner zones. Compared with that in the control site, the annual average air temperature increased by 2.63 ℃ within the PV area and by 1.93 ℃ in the adjacent PV area, while air humidity decreased by 5.25% and 4.21%, respectively. Moreover, the warming and drying effects were more pronounced during low-temperature periods. For the wind environment, the PV power station showed a pattern of “wind reduction and wind direction deflection” from the outer to the inner zones. Compared with the control site, the annual average wind speed decreased by 0.67 m·s^-1 within the PV area and by 0.28 m·s^-1 in the adjacent PV area, while the dominant wind direction shifted westward by 2.96° and 18.06°, respectively. The wind reduction effect was more significant during hightemperature periods. In terms of soil environment, the PV power station exhibited a “cooling and moistening” effect from the outer to the inner zones. Compared with the control site, the annual average soil temperature decreased by 1.20 ℃ within the PV area and by 0.55 ℃ in the adjacent PV area, while soil moisture increased by 4.92% and 2.59%, respectively. The cooling and moistening effects were more evident during low-temperature periods and in the surface soil layer. Based on the changes in air temperature and humidity, wind environment, and soil hydrothermal conditions, targeted ecological restoration strategies are proposed to mitigate the local climatic effects of mountainous PV power stations.

Key words: mountainous photovoltaic power station, local climate, fixed-point monitoring method, impact assessment