Abstract: Under global climate change, the frequent occurrence of extreme heat events poses a serious threat to the growth and ecological functions of urban landscape plants. We systematically outline the multi-dimensional damages caused by heat stress and the adaptive responses in these plants. Regarding the damages, we summarize the species, season, and environment-dependent high-temperature tolerance ranges of plants, and analyze physiological manifestations including damages to the photosynthetic system, respiratory metabolic imbalances, and exacerbated water transpiration fluctuations. In terms of response mechanisms, we emphasize the synergistic roles of osmotic regulation, heat shock proteins, and volatile organic compounds in mitigating heat stress. To address current challenges such as insufficient multi-factor synergistic evaluation, lagging application of modern biotechnology, and the imbalance between ecology and public health, we propose the establishment of intelligent monitoring and early warning systems, the development of high-throughput sequencing and gene editing technologies, and the coordinated optimization of ecological engineering and microclimate regulation. These interdisciplinary strategies are crucial for enhancing the climate resilience of urban ecosystems and can provide a theoretical basis and practical solutions for alleviating heat stress and ensuring urban ecological security.

Key words: landscape plant, heat stress, high temperature tolerance range, high temperature damage, urban ecology