Abstract: The decomposition of plant residue plays a pivotal role in material cycling in wetland ecosystems, which is regulated by a range of biotic and abiotic factors. Here, we reviewed therecent researches on the decomposition of wetland plant residue and the biotic and abiotic factors influencing the processes, especially related studies on the effects of water level. The effects of water level on wetland plant residue decomposition cannot be neglected, as it is one of the key natural driving factors in wetland ecosystems with substantial fluctuation of water level. Furthermore, suggestions and research prospect concerning photodegradation of plant residues, quantification of the contribution of key factors as well as direct and indirect influences of these factors on residue decomposition are proposed.

Key words:  plant residue, decomposition, water level, biotic factor, abiotic factor.