茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段齿叶黄皮种群结构与动态特征

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.026

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 3260-3271.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202608.026

茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段齿叶黄皮种群结构与动态特征

李娇艳¹,余成俊²,何跃军^1,3,陈丹梅^1,3,4,臧丽鹏^1,3,4,刘庆福^1,3,4,隋明浈^1,3,4,丁访军⁴,张广奇^1,3,4*

(¹贵州大学林学院，贵阳 550025； ²贵州茂兰国家级自然保护区管理局，贵州荔波 558400； ³贵州大学森林生态研究中心，贵阳 550025； ⁴国家林业和草原局贵州荔波喀斯特森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站，贵州荔波 558400)

出版日期:2026-10-10 发布日期:2027-04-12

Population structure and dynamics of Clausena dunniana at different successional stages in the Maolan karst forest.

LI Jiaoyan¹, YU Chengjun², HE Yuejun^1,3, CHEN Danmei^1,3,4, ZANG Lipeng^1,3,4, LIU Qingfu^1,3,4, SUI Mingzhen^1,3,4, DING Fangjun⁴, ZHANG Guangqi^1,3,4*

(¹College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; ²Guizhou Maolan National Nature Reserve Authority, Libo 558400, Guizhou, China; ³Forest Ecology Research Center, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; ⁴Guizhou Libo Observation and Research Station for Karst Forest Ecosystem, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Libo 558400, Guizhou, China).

Online:2026-10-10 Published:2027-04-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 齿叶黄皮（Clausena dunniana）是亚热带喀斯特森林群落的常见种与优势种，广泛分布于各演替阶段，是研究该区域森林恢复动态的理想指示物种。本研究以茂兰国家级自然保护区不同演替阶段（乔灌混合阶段SC、次生林阶段SG、顶极群落阶段OG）的齿叶黄皮种群为对象，通过静态生命表、生存分析、时间序列预测及竞争指数测定等方法，分析了其种群结构特征与动态变化规律。结果表明：（1）种群年龄结构因演替阶段而异：SC阶段为典型的增长型“倒J型”，SG阶段则为“金字塔型”，OG阶段呈幼龄个体补充不足的“纺锤形”；（2）种群动态指数（V_pi）显示SC阶段理论增长潜力最高（53.03%），但考虑干扰后的实际更新指数（V_pi′）均接近0（SC: 0%, SG: 1.01%,OG: 3.29%）；（3）存活曲线分析显示SC与SG阶段符合Deevey Ⅱ型，OG阶段符合Deevey I型；（4）生存分析揭示SC阶段种群消亡风险集中于幼龄期，SG阶段风险则随龄级稳定上升，OG阶段风险集中于中老龄期；（5）时间序列预测表明各阶段种群均面临幼龄个体补充不足的长期衰退风险；（6）竞争关系以种间竞争为主导，竞争强度随个体胸径增大而减弱，幼树阶段竞争最为剧烈。本研究揭示了喀斯特脆弱生境中齿叶黄皮种群的结构特征及竞争压力对种群发展的制约作用，为喀斯特森林生态系统恢复与生物多样性保护提供了科学依据。

关键词: 喀斯特, 种群结构, 种群动态, 静态生命表

Abstract: Clausena dunniana, a dominant species in the subtropical karst forests, is widely distributed across all successional stages, making it an ideal indicator species for understanding forest dynamics. In this study, we investigated C. dunniana populations across different successional stages in the Maolan National Nature Reserve, including tree-shrub mixed forest (SC), secondary growth forest (SG), and old-growth forest (OG). By integrating static life tables, survival analysis, time-series forecasting, and competition indices, we analyzed population structure and dynamics. The results showed that: (1) Population age structure varied across successional stages, with SC exhibiting a typical increasing reverse J-shaped pattern, SG showing a pyramid-shaped distribution, and OG displaying a spindle-shaped structure with insufficient recruitment of young individuals. (2) The population dynamic index (V_pi) revealed the highest theoretical growth potential in SC (53.03%), but the actual regeneration index (V_pi′) under disturbance approached zero across all stages (SC: 0%, SG: 1.01%, OG: 3.29%). (3) Survival curves conformed to Deevey Type II in SC and SG, and shifted to Deevey Type I in OG. (4) Survival analysis demonstrated that mortality risk in SC was concentrated in early life stages, increased gradually with age in SG, and peaked during middle to late life stages in OG. (5) Time-series projections indicated a long-term decline in population size across all successional stages due to insufficient recruitment. (6) Interspecific competition emerged as the dominant limiting factor, with competitive intensity decreasing as diameter at breast height increased, and reaching the peak at the sapling stage. By elucidating the population dynamics of C. dunniana and highlighting the constraining effects of competitive pressure on population development in the fragile karst habitat, our results provide a scientific foundation for forest restoration and biodiversity conservation.

Key words: karst, population structure, population dynamics, static life table

李娇艳, 余成俊, 何跃军, 陈丹梅, 臧丽鹏, 刘庆福, 隋明浈, 丁访军, 张广奇. 茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段齿叶黄皮种群结构与动态特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(10): 3260-3271.

LI Jiaoyan, YU Chengjun, HE Yuejun, CHEN Danmei, ZANG Lipeng, LIU Qingfu, SUI Mingzhen, DING Fangjun, ZHANG Guangqi. Population structure and dynamics of Clausena dunniana at different successional stages in the Maolan karst forest.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(10): 3260-3271.

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茂兰喀斯特森林不同演替阶段齿叶黄皮种群结构与动态特征

Population structure and dynamics of Clausena dunniana at different successional stages in the Maolan karst forest.

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