废弃露天矿山生态修复成效评估方法：以长江经济带为例

生态学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (1): 338-345.

废弃露天矿山生态修复成效评估方法：以长江经济带为例

张兆迪^1,2，裴圣良^1,2，张德强^1,2*，周天成^1,2，白光宇^1,2，何培雍^1,2，乔雯^1,2，王议^1,2

（¹中国地质环境监测院，北京 100081； ²自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室，北京 100081）

出版日期:2026-01-10 发布日期:2026-01-09

Evaluation method of ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

ZHANG Zhaodi^1,2, PEI Shengliang^1,2, ZHANG Deqiang^1,2*, ZHOU Tiancheng^1,2, BAI Guangyu^1,2, HE Peiyong^1,2, QIAO Wen^1,2, WANG Yi^1,2

(¹China Institute of Geological Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China; ²Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China).

Online:2026-01-10 Published:2026-01-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 矿山生态修复成效评估作为矿山环境管理的重要内容之一，对于检验矿山生态修复效果具有重要意义，科学的成效评估方法有助于保障矿山生态修复项目顺利开展。本研究在梳理分析露天矿山生态修复成效评估技术并分析多源矿山生态环境监测数据的基础上，以长江经济带废弃露天矿山为研究对象，建立了考虑社会效益、生态效益、经济效益3个一级指标以及人居环境改善、转型利用率等10个二级因子的流域尺度的矿山生态修复成效评估指标体系。运用遥感手段分析了项目实施前后土地利用和植被覆盖度变化情况，定量分析了矿山生态修复的社会效益、生态效益和经济效益。结果表明，长江经济带废弃露天矿山生态修复成效总得分74.8分，社会、生态、经济效益分别为19.4、39.6、15.8分，总体产生了良好的效益。长江经济带各省需在明确修复任务和目标的基础上，进一步挖掘土地复垦潜力，积极落实后期管护措施，提升废弃矿山生态修复各项效益。本研究对于矿山环境管理具有重要意义，可为废弃矿山生态修复监管提供基础支撑和决策依据。

关键词: 长江经济带, 成效评估, 土地利用类型

Abstract: As one of the important contents of mine environmental management, the evaluation of the effectiveness of mine ecological restoration is of great significance for testing the effects of ecological restoration. A scientific effectiveness evaluation method is helpful to ensuring the smooth progress of mine ecological restoration projects. Taking the abandoned open-pit mines in the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example, a watershed scale evaluation method for mine ecological restoration was established by analyzing multi-source mine ecological environment monitoring data, which considered three first-level indicators of social, ecological and economic benefits, and 10 second-level factors such as the improvement of human settlement environment and utilization rate of transition. Remote sensing methods were used to analyze the changes in land use and vegetation coverage before and after the project implementation, and the social, ecological and economic benefits of mine ecological restoration were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that the total score of the ecological restoration effectiveness of abandoned open-pit mines in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is 74.8, with the scores of social, ecological and economic benefits being 19.4, 39.6, and 15.8, respectively, indicating good benefits. With clarifying the restoration tasks and goals as a prerequisite, the provinces along the Yangtze River Economic Belt should further exploit the potential of land reclamation, actively implement the later management and protection measures, and enhance the various benefits of ecological restoration of abandoned mines. This study is of great significance for mine environmental management and can provide support and decision-making basis for ecological restoration supervision of abandoned mines.

Key words: Yangtze River Economic Belt, effectiveness evaluation, land-use type

张兆迪, 裴圣良, 张德强, 周天成, 白光宇, 何培雍, 乔雯, 王议. 废弃露天矿山生态修复成效评估方法：以长江经济带为例[J]. 生态学杂志, 2026, 45(1): 338-345.

ZHANG Zhaodi, PEI Shengliang, ZHANG Deqiang, ZHOU Tiancheng, BAI Guangyu, HE Peiyong, QIAO Wen, WANG Yi. Evaluation method of ecological restoration of abandoned open-pit mines: A case study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2026, 45(1): 338-345.

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