长春市城市热岛效应月变化特征及其影响因素

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202408.005

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (8): 2257-2265.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202408.005

• 城市环境与生态服务专栏 • 上一篇下一篇

长春市城市热岛效应月变化特征及其影响因素

潘立志¹,杨朝斌^1,2,3*,任志彬⁴,张树文⁴,徐新良⁵,隗彤¹,刘丽峰¹

（¹山东理工大学建筑工程学院，山东淄博 255000； ²中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室，北京 100085； ³华东师范大学上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室，上海 200241； ⁴中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所，长春 130102； ⁵中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所资源与环境信息系统国家重点实验室，北京 100101）

出版日期:2024-08-10 发布日期:2024-08-13

Monthly variations and driving factors of urban heat island in Changchun.

PAN Lizhi¹, YANG Chaobin^1,2,3*, REN Zhibin⁴, ZHANG Shuwen⁴, XU Xinliang⁵, KUI Tong¹, LIU Lifeng¹#br#

#br#

(¹School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, Shandong, China; ² State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; ³Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization Ecological Processes and Ecological Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; ⁴Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China; ⁵State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China).

Online:2024-08-10 Published:2024-08-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 城市热岛效应已成为阻碍城市可持续发展的重要生态环境问题，然而有关我国寒冷地区城市热岛效应季节变化的研究相对较少，限制了对不同气候区城市热岛效应的全面理解。本文以我国东北地区典型城市吉林省长春为例，综合Landsat 8和高分辨率遥感影像GF2等数据，提出4个地表热岛效应强度指标，结合光谱解混模型、剖面线分析以及回归模型等方法探究热环境月变化规律以及潜在驱动因子对热岛效应季节变化的影响。结果表明：(1)长春热环境空间格局具有显著的月变化和季节变化规律，8月温度最高（39.44 ℃），12月最低（-18.60 ℃）；冬夏两季存在明显城市热岛效应而春秋两季不明显。(2)不同指标表征的城市热岛效应强度存在明显差异；基于土地利用类型差异表示的热岛强度在7月可高达10.56 ℃，而部分月份（2月、3月和11月）甚至呈现出农村温度高于城市的“逆城市热岛效应”。(3)植被和不透水地表面积是影响城市热环境时空变化的重要驱动因子，且影响机制存在明显的季节性变化规律，两者之间在夏季拥有最显著相关关系，而冬季几乎不产生影响。(4)城市功能区热环境特征同样存在显著季节性差异，工业区等人造建筑密集的区域地表温度较高，但人类活动如秸秆焚烧等使农田在部分月份拥有最高的地表温度。本研究阐明了城市热环境月变化和季节变化的驱动机制，对寒冷地区热环境生态的调控具有重要意义。

关键词: 城市热岛效应, 地表温度, 逐月变化, 影响因素, 寒冷区域

Abstract: Urban heat island effect (UHI) has become an important ecological and environmental problem that hinders the sustainable development of cities. However, few studies explored the seasonal variations of UHI in the cold regions of China, which limits the comprehensive understanding of UHI in different climate zones. Taking Changchun City of Jilin Province in northeast China as an example, Landsat 8 and GF2 images were selected as main remote sensing data, and four surface urban heat island intensity indices were proposed to characterize the urban thermal environment. The spectral unmixing, profile line analysis, and regression models were used to explore the impacts of potential driving factors on the monthly and seasonal variations of UHI. The results showed that: (1) The spatial pattern of the urban thermal environment in Changchun exhibited significant monthly and seasonal variations, with the highest land surface temperature (LST) of 39.44 ℃ in August and the lowest of -18.60 ℃ in December. The UHI effect was prominent in winter and summer, but not obvious in spring and autumn. (2) The intensity of UHI as expressed by different indices had great differences. Based on the index characterized by land use type, the intensity of UHI could reach as high as 10.56 ℃ in July. However, some months (February, March, and November) showed the reverse UHI with temperature in rural area being higher than that in urban area. (3) Vegetation and impervious surface area were important driving factors for the spatial and temporal variations of urban thermal environment. There was seasonal variation in the influencing mechanism, with the most significant correlation between UHI intensity and the two factors in the summer, and no effect in winter. (4) The LST of urban function zones showed monthly variations. Specifically, the industry zone had the highest LST. However, the human activities such as straw burning resulted in the highest LST in the croplands in some months. Our results elucidate the driving mechanisms of monthly and seasonal variations in the urban thermal environment, which is of great significance for the regulation of thermal environment ecology in cold regions.

Key words: urban heat island effect, land surface temperature, monthly variation, driving factor, cold region

潘立志, 杨朝斌, 任志彬, 张树文, 徐新良, 隗彤, 刘丽峰. 长春市城市热岛效应月变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(8): 2257-2265.

PAN Lizhi, YANG Chaobin, REN Zhibin, ZHANG Shuwen, XU Xinliang, KUI Tong, LIU Lifeng. Monthly variations and driving factors of urban heat island in Changchun.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(8): 2257-2265.

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长春市城市热岛效应月变化特征及其影响因素

Monthly variations and driving factors of urban heat island in Changchun.

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