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生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1431-1439.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202105.027

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

新城建设中公园降温效果及其影响因素

王亚男1,谢苗苗1,2*,刘诗喆1,武蓉蓉1,刘琦1,李新宇3   

  1. (1中国地质大学(北京),  北京 100083;2自然资源部土地整治重点实验室, 北京 100035; 3北京市园林科学研究院, 北京 100102)
  • 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-05-13

The cooling effect of parks and influencing factors during the construction of a new town.

WANG Ya-nan1, XIE Miao-miao1,2*, LIU Shi-zhe1, WU Rong-rong1, LIU Qi1, LI Xin-yu3   

  1. (1China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; 2Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100035, China; 3Beijing Institute of Landscape Architecture, Beijing 100102, China).
  • Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-05-13

摘要: 以北京城市副中心通州区为研究区,以单通道算法反演地表温度,从公园局部环境温差、建成前后降温效果对比、降温稳定性等方面构建了7个降温指标,评估新城建设过程中2000—2017年公园整体及个体降温效果,并分析了公园特征参数和内部地表参数对降温效果的影响。结果表明:2000—2017年,通州区新建公园16个,62.5%具有降温效果和降温稳定性,与建成前相比最大可降低2.40 ℃;公园整体降温面积和降温温差显著增加,降温距离减小;公园个体最大降温距离为210 m,最大降温面积为284.79 hm2,最大降温程度为3.80 ℃,最大降温速率为0.33 ℃·m-1;降温幅度与公园面积呈正相关,降温稳定性与植被覆盖度呈正相关,降温面积与归一化差分水体指数(NDWI)和公园面积呈正相关;不透水表面比例(ISA)、公园建成年份与各降温指标相关性均较弱。研究结果为优化公园布局以缓解城市热岛效应提供了依据。

关键词: 公园降温效果, 城市热岛效应, 城市副中心, 影响因素

Abstract: The land surface temperature in the Tongzhou District, Beijing’s sub-center, was retrieved by a singlechannel algorithm. Seven cooling indicators, from the aspects of local environmental temperature difference of the park, comparison of cooling effect before and after completion of the park, and cooling stability, were used to evaluate the cooling effects of overall and individual parks during the construction of the new city from 2000 to 2017. We analyzed the impacts of park characteristic parameters and internal surface parameters on the cooling effects. The results showed that, from 2000 to 2017, 16 new parks were constructed in Tongzhou District, 62.5% of which had cooling effect and cooling stability, with a maximum reduction of 2.40 ℃ compared with the preconstruction. The overall cooling area and temperature difference of the parks increased significantly, whereas the cooling distance reduced. The maximum cooling distance of single park was 210 m, the maximum cooling area was 284.79 hm2, the maximum cooling amplitude was 3.80 ℃, and the maximum cooling rate was 0.33 ℃·m-1. The cooling amplitude was positively correlated with park area, while the cooling stability was positively correlated with vegetation coverage. There was a positive correlation between the cooling area and the normalized differential water index (NDWI) and park area, respectively. The impervious surface ratio (ISA) and the construction year were weakly correlated with the various cooling indicators. Our results provide a basis for the layout of parks to alleviate the overall heat island effect of the city.

Key words: park’s cooling effect, urban heat island, urban sub-center, influencing factor.