高寒草地土壤真菌群落结构对春季休牧的响应

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202406.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确春季休牧对中度退化高寒草甸植被特征、土壤理化性质和土壤真菌群落特征的影响，本研究在祁连山区高寒草地设置春季休牧和自由放牧两个处理，休牧结束后于牧草生长旺季，调查草地植物群落特征并采集土壤样本。结果表明，春季休牧后高寒草地植物群落多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数显著升高（P<0.05），与自由放牧相比，分别升高了80.00%、50.94%和21.89%；植被生物量显著增加（P<0.05），增幅达52.41%；休牧后草地地上/下生物量比值由8.58%增加到25.59%，休牧改变了植被生物量的分配格局；休牧后土壤有机碳和全钾含量显著增加（P<0.05），增幅分别为10.64%和1.10%；而土壤容重和pH显著降低（P<0.05），降幅分别为17.83%和4.60%。春季休牧处理下土壤子囊菌门的相对丰度增加，而被孢霉菌门的丰度下降；土壤真菌群落多样性指数在两处理间差异不显著；PCoA分析结果显示，主坐标1（PCo1）、主坐标2（PCo2）和主坐标3（PCo3）对真菌群落结构差异的解释率分别为17.58%、12.07%和11.51%，累计解释率为41.16%；真菌共现网络模块化分析发现，春季休牧处理下土壤真菌网络复杂性更高，土壤真菌群落更稳定。植被和土壤因子的方差分析结果显示，土壤含水量和植被地下生物量是影响真菌群落重构的两个主要调控因子。

关键词: 春季休牧, 高寒草甸, 植物群落, 土壤理化性质, 土壤真菌群落

Abstract: To clarify the effects of spring grazing exclusion on vegetation characteristics, soil physical and chemical properties and soil fungal community characteristics of moderately degraded alpine meadow, two treatments of spring grazing exclusion and free grazing were set up in an alpine meadow of Qilian Mountains. Plant community were investigated and soil samples were collected during the season with peak plant growth after the ending of grazing exclusion. The results showed that grazing exclusion significantly increased plant community diversity index, evenness index and richness index by 80.00%, 50.94%, and 21.89% respectively (P<0.05). Grazing exclusion significantly increased plant biomass by 52.41% (P<0.05). After grazing exclusion, the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass increased from 8.58% to 25.59%, indicating that the distribution pattern of plant biomass was changed. Grazing exclusion significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon and total potassium by 10.64% and 1.10% (P<0.05), respectively, while decreased soil bulk density and pH by 17.83% and 4.60% (P<0.05), respectively. The relative abundance of Ascomycetes in soil increased while that of Mortierella decreased under grazing exclusion treatment. There was no significant difference in soil fungal community diversity index between the two treatments. The results of PCoA analysis showed that the interpretation rates of primary coordinates 1 (PCo1), primary coordinate 2 (PCo2), and principal coordinate 3 (PCo3) on the differences in fungal community structure were 17.58%, 12.07%, and 11.51%, respectively, with a cumulative interpretation rate of 41.16%. The modular analysis of fungal co-occurrence network showed that the complexity of soil fungal network was higher and soil fungal community was more stable under the treatment of grazing exclusion. The analysis of variance of vegetation and soil factors showed that soil water content and belowground biomass were the two main factors regulating the assembly of fungal community.

Key words: spring grazing exclusion, alpine meadow, plant community, soil physicochemical property, soil fungal community

郑文贤, 李世雄, 赵文, 刘晶晶, 尹亚丽. 高寒草地土壤真菌群落结构对春季休牧的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(6): 1703-1711.

ZHENG Wenxian, LI Shixiong, ZHAO Wen, LIU Jingjing, YIN Yali. Responses of soil fungal community structure to spring grazing exclusion in alpine grassland.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(6): 1703-1711.

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高寒草地土壤真菌群落结构对春季休牧的响应

Responses of soil fungal community structure to spring grazing exclusion in alpine grassland.

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