温室菊苗上西花蓟马和二斑叶螨的季节动态及时空生态位

doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.009

生态学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 1122-1129.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202403.009

温室菊苗上西花蓟马和二斑叶螨的季节动态及时空生态位

彭孝琴¹,涂艳芳²,王悦³,李宜儒¹,陈志星⁴,陈国华¹,张晓明^1*

（¹云南农业大学植物保护学院，云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室，昆明 650201； ²开远市农业技术推广中心，云南开远 661699； ³昆明学院农学与生命科学学院，昆明 650214； ⁴昆明虹之华园艺有限公司，昆明 651708）

出版日期:2024-04-10 发布日期:2024-04-09

Seasonal dynamics and spatiotemporal niche of Frankliniella occidentalis and Tetranychus urticae on greenhouse chrysanthemum seedlings.

PENG Xiaoqin¹, TU Yanfang², WANG Yue³, LI Yiru¹, CHEN Zhixing⁴, CHEN Guohua¹, ZHANG Xiaoming^1*

(¹College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, National Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Yunnan, Kunming 650201, China; ²Kaiyuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Kaiyuan 661699, Yunnan, China; ³College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; ⁴Kunming Hongzhihua Horticulture Co. Ltd., Kunming 651708, China).

Online:2024-04-10 Published:2024-04-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探明温室菊苗上二斑叶螨和西花蓟马的季节动态及时空生态位，本研究采用对角线五点取样法，摘叶调查菊苗不同部位西花蓟马和二斑叶螨种群数量，利用四分位法对西花蓟马与二斑叶螨主要发生期的种群数量进行比较，同时对两种害虫的时空生态位进行分析。结果表明：2020年西花蓟马成虫主要发生期集中在4月末到6月初，若虫主要发生期集中在4月末到11月中；2021年成虫主要发生期集中在5月初到7月末，若虫主要发生期集中在3月初到6月中；成若虫的发生高峰均在5月，此时成虫种群数量为8.76头·株^-1，若虫种群数量为5.67头·株^-1；2020年二斑叶螨成若螨主要发生期集中在4月末到9月末，卵主要发生期集中在4月末到10月初；2021年二斑叶螨成若虫和卵主要发生期均在7月末到9月末；二斑叶螨成若螨发生高峰均在9月，种群数量最大达0.52头·株^-1；卵的发生高峰在7月底至8月底，种群数量最大时可达4.36头·株^-1；西花蓟马成虫种群数量在一年内呈现出先增加后减少的趋势，种群数量从1月开始增加，5月达到最大值后种群数量逐渐下降；二斑叶螨种群数量呈现出多峰型，且种群活动规律存在年间差异，种群数量从4月开始缓慢增加，5月后波动较大；西花蓟马主要集中在上部幼嫩部分危害，二斑叶螨主要集中在靠近地面部分危害。建议两种害虫的防治均应从4月开始，西花蓟马应重点防治植株上部幼嫩部分，二斑叶螨应重点防治植株下部靠近地面部分叶片。

关键词: 西花蓟马, 二斑叶螨, 季节动态, 时空生态位, 四分位法

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the seasonal dynamics and spatiotemporal niche of Tetranychus urticae and Frankliniella occidentalis on chrysanthemum seedlings under greenhouse condition. The population sizes of F. occidentalis and T. urticae in different parts of chrysanthemum seedlings were investigated by using diagonal five-point sampling method. The quartile method was used to compare population sizes of F. occidentalis and T. urticae during the main occurrence period, and the temporal and spatial niches of these two pest species were analyzed. The results showed that the main occurrence period of adults and nymphs of F. occidentalis were from late April to early June and from late April to mid-November in 2020, respectively. In 2021, the main occurrence period of adults and nymphs of F. occidentalis were from early May to late July and early March to mid-June, respectively. Both adults and nymphs peaked in May, with the highest population being 8.76 and 5.67 ind·plant^-1, respectively. In 2020, the main occurrence period of adults and nymphs of T. urticae was from late April to late September, and the main occurrence period of eggs was from late April to early October. In 2021, the main period of adults, nymphs and eggs of T. urticae occurred from late July to late September, both adults and nymphs peaked in September of 0.52 ind·plant^-1, while the egg peaked from late July to late August, and the population size reached to 4.36 ind·plant^-1. The population size of adults F. occidenalis increased first and then decreased during the whole year, increasing from January and peaking in May. The population size of T. urticae showed a multi-peak pattern, and the population activity pattern was different from year by year. Population size increased slowly from April, and fluctuated greatly after May. F. occidenalis mainly damaged the young part of upper chrysanthemum seedlings, while T. urticae mainly damaged the lower part leaves which were close to the ground. Therefore, the control of these two pests should be started from April. The control of F. occidenalis should be focused on the upper part leaves, and that of T. urticae should be focused on the leaves close to the ground.

Key words: Frankliniella occidentalis, Tetranychus urticae, seasonal dynamic, spatiotemporal niche, quartile method

彭孝琴, 涂艳芳, 王悦, 李宜儒, 陈志星, 陈国华, 张晓明. 温室菊苗上西花蓟马和二斑叶螨的季节动态及时空生态位[J]. 生态学杂志, 2024, 43(4): 1122-1129.

PENG Xiaoqin, TU Yanfang, WANG Yue, LI Yiru, CHEN Zhixing, CHEN Guohua, ZHANG Xiaoming. Seasonal dynamics and spatiotemporal niche of Frankliniella occidentalis and Tetranychus urticae on greenhouse chrysanthemum seedlings.[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2024, 43(4): 1122-1129.

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温室菊苗上西花蓟马和二斑叶螨的季节动态及时空生态位

Seasonal dynamics and spatiotemporal niche of Frankliniella occidentalis and Tetranychus urticae on greenhouse chrysanthemum seedlings.

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