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生态学杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9): 3021-3031.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202009.020

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

若尔盖湿地黑颈鹤生境适宜性

方宇,张学霞*,郭长庆   

  1. (北京林业大学水土保持学院, 水土保持国家林业局重点实验室, 北京 100083)
  • 出版日期:2020-09-10 发布日期:2021-03-10

Habitat suitability of black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis) in Zoige wetland.

FANG Yu, ZHANG Xue-xia*, GUO Chang-qing   

  1. (School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing 100083,  China).
  • Online:2020-09-10 Published:2021-03-10

摘要: 明确稀有或濒危物种的地理分布是生物多样性保护的重要环节。黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)是高寒湿地的旗舰物种,属国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物。基于黑颈鹤分布点数据和生态环境数据,利用分类与回归树(classification and regression tree, CART)、树网梯度(treenet gradient boosting, TG)、随机森林(random forest, RF)、最大熵(maximum entropy,ME)模型预测黑颈鹤适宜分布区。结果表明:(1)限制黑颈鹤地理分布的主要环境因子是海拔和秋季迁离期降水、气温,贡献率分别为9.7%、8.9%、7.3%;黑颈鹤适宜生境为海拔3000~3950 m、秋季迁离期月均温-1.2~0.2 ℃、月降水量28~32 mm的地区。(2)综合AUC (area under curve)、TSS (true skill statistics)、Kappa系数3个检验模型精度的评价指标,随机森林模型预测结果与区域已知黑颈鹤存在点匹配程度最高(AUC=0.889、TSS=0.897、Kappa=0.613)。(3)黑颈鹤适宜分布区主要集中于若尔盖县西南部的嫩哇、达扎寺、唐克、辖曼以及玛曲县东部的阿万仓和曼日玛,分布中心位于若尔盖县辖曼镇塔哇村,聚集度指数为99.6,分离度指数为4.6,景观破碎化程度较小。研究区内黑颈鹤高适宜区占10.8%,低适宜区占20.7%,不适宜区占60.5%。

关键词: 黑颈鹤, 物种分布模型, 若尔盖湿地, 适宜分布区

Abstract: It is important to identify the geographical distribution of rare or endangered species in biodiversity conservation. Blacknecked crane (Grus nigricollis) is an alpine wetland’s flagship species, which belongs to a national Ⅰ level key protected wild species in China. Based on distribution and ecological environment data of blacknecked crane, we adopted the classification and regression tree (CART), treenet gradient boosting (TG), random forest (RF) and maximum entropy (ME) model to predict its suitable distribution area. The results showed that: (1) The main environmental factors affecting its geographical distribution are altitude, precipitation and temperature in autumn migration period, with a relative contribution rate of 9.7%, 8.9% and 7.3% respectively. Its suitable habitats are the areas with altitude of 3000-3950 m, mean monthly temperature of -1.2 to 0.2 ℃, and monthly precipitation of 28-32 mm in autumn migration period. (2) Combining with the AUC (area under curve), TSS (true skill statistics), and Kappa coefficients, the prediction results of random forest model showed the highest matching degree with the known distribution locations of black-necked crane (AUC=0.889, TSS=0.897, Kappa=0.613). (3) Its suitable distribution area is mainly concentrated in the southwest of Zoige County (Nenwa, Dazasi, Tangke, Xiaman) and the east of Maqu County (Awancang, Manrima). High probability distribution area is located in Tawa Village, Xiaman Town, Zoige County. The landscape fragmentation degree is small, with the aggregation index of 99.6 and the separation index of 4.6. The highsuitable area for black-necked crane accounts for 10.8%, the low-suitable area accounts for 20.7%, and 60.5% of the area are not suitable.

Key words: black-necked crane (Grus nigricollis), species distribution model (SDM), Zoige wetland, suitable distribution area.