1985—2015年围填海活动影响下的环渤海滨海湿地演变特征

生态学杂志

1985—2015年围填海活动影响下的环渤海滨海湿地演变特征

魏帆^1,2,韩广轩^2*,张金萍^1,3,栗云召⁴,赵建民²

（¹聊城大学环境与规划学院，山东聊城 252000；²中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室，山东烟台 264003；³海南师范大学地理与环境科学学院，海口 570100；⁴鲁东大学资源与环境工程学院，山东烟台 264039）

出版日期:2018-05-10 发布日期:2018-05-10

Evolution of coastal wetlands under the influence of sea reclamation in Bohai Rim during 1985-2015.

WEI Fan^1,2, HAN Guang-xuan^2*, ZHANG Jin-ping^1,3, LI Yun-zhao⁴, ZHAO Jian-min²

(¹School of Environment and Planning, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, Shandong, China, ²Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, Shandong, China, ³College of Geography and Environmental Science, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 570100, China, ⁴School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264039, Shandong, China).

Online:2018-05-10 Published:2018-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 滨海湿地位于海陆边缘，是水陆交互作用产生的独特生态系统，其演变过程易受人类活动的影响。自20世纪50年代以来，中国沿海大规模的围垦活动导致滨海湿地生态服务功能退化。研究滨海湿地演变过程及其与人类活动的相关关系，对于湿地资源开发管理和保护具有重要意义。运用3S技术手段，基于环渤海滨海湿地1985、1995、2005、2015年4个不同时期的TM遥感影像，结合土地利用转移矩阵和景观格局分析法，对近30年围填海作用下的环渤海滨海湿地时空动态演变特征进行了研究。结果表明：1985—2015年环渤海滨海湿地变化热点区域为黄河三角洲、莱州湾、渤海湾和辽河三角洲。近30年，环渤海滨海区域自然湿地面积减少了45.37%，人工湿地面积增加了57.23%，以盐田、养殖池面积增加为主，主要由沼泽、滩涂转出。自然湿地向人工湿地演变，人工湿地向非湿地演变，自然湿地人工化。由于受人类活动干扰强度大，环渤海滨海湿地景观趋于破碎化、均衡化，各景观类型均匀分布，景观异质性降低。近30年间，环渤海区域围填海活动面积增长了1606.79 km²，主要土地利用类型为养殖池、建筑用地。国家政策和经济因素极大地影响了沿海湿地的演变过程，农田开垦、城镇建设和围海养殖等人类活动是滨海湿地演变的主要驱动力。

关键词: 土壤微生物生物量, 高寒灌丛, 增温, 根际效应

Abstract: Coastal wetlands are unique ecosystems formed by amphibious mutual effects. Human activities severely affect wetland evolution. Since the 1950s, China has experienced a massive sea reclamation, which resulted in extremely rapid degradation and loss of coastal wetlands. Studies on the evolution of coastal wetlands and its correlation with human activities are of great significance for managing and protecting wetland resources. The spatialtemporal evolution characteristics of coastal wetlands under the influence of sea reclamation were examined based on the TMremote sensing images in four years (1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015). The transfer matrix of land use and approach of landscape pattern analysis were used in this study. These data were analyzed by 3S technology and the software of eCognition 9.0, and FRAGSTATS 4.2. The results showed that the hotspots of changes in coastal wetlands were Yellow River Delta, Laizhou Bay, Bohai Bay and Liaohe River Delta. The natural wetland area decreased by 45.37%, whereas the artificial wetlands expanded by 57.23% in the past 30 years. Aquatic farm and salt field increased most significantly, which were mainly changed from moor and intertidal zone. Natural wetlands were converted into artificial ones, and artificial wetlands were converted into non-wetlands. Natural wetlands became more artificial. The landscape pattern tended to be fragmented and equilibrated. Meanwhile, the landscape heterogeneity decreased due to the strong human disturbance. Sea reclamation occupied a large area of natural wetlands such as moor and intertidal zone, with an increment of 1606.79 km² in the past 30 years. The main land use types were aquatic farm and construction land. The national policy and economic factors drastically affected the evolution of coastal wetlands. Human activities, including farmland reclamation, urban construction, and tidal flats exploitation were the main driving forces for the evolution of the Bohai Rim coastal wetlands.

Key words: soil microbial biomass, rhizosphere effect., alpine scrub, warming

魏帆,韩广轩,张金萍,栗云召,赵建民. 1985—2015年围填海活动影响下的环渤海滨海湿地演变特征[J]. 生态学杂志.

WEI Fan, HAN Guang-xuan, ZHANG Jin-ping, LI Yun-zhao, ZHAO Jian-min. Evolution of coastal wetlands under the influence of sea reclamation in Bohai Rim during 1985-2015.[J]. cje.

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