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氮源对塔玛亚历山大藻生长和毒性的影响

司冉冉1,关万春1,蔡景波2,陈少波1*#br#   

  1. (1温州医科大学生命科学学院海洋生物技术系, 浙江温州 325035; 2浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所, 浙江温州 325005)
  • 出版日期:2017-10-10 发布日期:2017-10-10

Effects of nitrogen sources on the growth and toxicity of Alexandrium tamarense.

SI Ran-ran1, GUAN Wan-chun1, CAI Jing-bo2, CHEN Shao-bo1*#br#   

  1. (1Department of Marine Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; 2Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, Zhejiang, China).
  • Online:2017-10-10 Published:2017-10-10

摘要: 为了掌握不同氮源对塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)生长和毒性的影响,实验选定硝酸钠、氯化铵、尿素和甘氨酸作为4种氮源,在温度和光强分别为20 ℃和200 μmol photons·m-2·s-1的培养箱中,采用人工海水一次性培养藻细胞,培养基N和P浓度分别以F/20加富,并收集对数期细胞用于斑马鱼胚胎48 h急性毒理实验。结果表明:4种氮源都可以支持细胞生长,但不同氮源培养的藻细胞生长速率不同,表现为铵氮(0.25 d-1)>硝氮(0.20 d-1)> 尿素 = 甘氨酸(0.12 d-1);4种氮源对细胞色素的含量无显著影响;与对照组(胚胎培养液)相比,在细胞密度为2×104 cells·mL-1时,塔玛亚历山大藻细胞粗提液对斑马鱼胚胎表现出显著的毒性作用,可造成胚胎的凝固、发育迟缓、卵黄膜破裂、卵黄囊水肿及尾巴弯曲等;当细胞密度增加到8×104 cells·mL-1时,毒性进一步增加,且4种氮源对毒性的影响出现显著差异,表现为硝氮 > 尿素 = 甘氨酸 > 铵氮。综上所述,塔玛亚历山大藻的生长和毒性对氮源的响应机制存在差异,但4种氮源都支持生长,因此,在环境变化和水体营养盐结构复杂化的情况下,塔玛亚历山大藻仍可维持生长并持续爆发藻华,对生态环境造成威胁。

关键词: 枫叶鲑, 整合生物标志物响应指标, 急性温度胁迫, 硬头鳟, 抗氧化酶

Abstract:

In order to understand the effect of nitrogen sources on the growth and toxicity of harmful dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense, four nitrogen sources (nitrate, ammonium, urea and glycine) were added into artificial seawater enriched with F/20 and cells were batchcultured at 20 oC and 200 μmol photons·m-2·s-1. Cells of A. tamarense at exponential phase were collected to test the acute toxic effect on zebrafish embryo in 48 hours. The results showed that four nitrogen sources were all utilized by A. tamarense, but the growth rate was different, being ammonium (0.25 d-1) > nitrate (0.20 d-1) > urea = glycine (0.12 d-1). However, the pigment contents were not influenced. Compared with the control group (embryo medium), the rude extract of A. tamarense at 2 ×104 cells·mL-1 had significantly teratogenic effects on the zebrafish embryos, resulting in embryo coagulation, developmental retardation, vitelline membrane rupture, yolk sac edema and tail bending. When the cell density increased to 8×104 cells·mL-1, the toxicity increased accordingly, moreover, a significant difference was found among the four nitrogen sources, showing nitrate > urea = glycine > ammonium. In summary, A. tamarense can maintain relatively high growth rate and make algal blooms outbreak continuously regardless of environmental changes, which threatens the ecological environment in coastal areas.
 

Key words: antioxidant enzyme, acute temperature stress, integrate biomarker response indicators., maple trout, steelhead trout