Abstract: To understand the seasonal variation of bird community structure and its influence factors, we sampled birds in six types of habitats in Wulanchabu, Inner Mongolia, China, from October 2012 to December 2013, using the methods of fixedradius points and line transects. A total of 153 bird species belonging to 45 families and 17 orders were recorded. Among them, 76 species were summer visitors, 38 passage migrants, 34 residents and 5 species winter visitors. The summer visitors were the richest group in spring, summer and autumn, and resident birds were only dominant in winter. The proportion of nonPasseriformes birds was apparently higher than that of Passeriformes. Both Shannon index and Pielou index of bird communities were the highest in spring and the lowest in winter. Cluster analysis indicated bird community was most similar in spring and autumn. Bird community structure in different habitat types also showed seasonal changes, with wetland bird diversity being the highest in spring, summer and autumn, while bird communities of the farmland and residential area were similar. Habitat type, food resources and bird migration were important factors driving seasonal variation of bird community structure in this region.