Taking a typical plain agricultural landscape in Fengqiu County, Henan Province as the study area, the relationships of the abundance of amphibians and their single adult species with environmental conditions at both habitat and landscape scales with four dispersal abilities (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 m) were explored with the support of redundancy analysis (RDA). The explanatory variables were separated into three categories: habitat characteristics variables \[chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH₃^--N, total phosphorus (TP), pH, vegetation coverage (VEG), benthic fauna predators (PRE)\], landscape composition variables \[number of ponds (NP), total area of woodland (AW), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), Simpson’s diversity index (SIDI)\] and landscape configuration variables \[distance to other nearest road (DR), contagion index (CONTAG), landscape division index (DIVISION), aggregation index (AI)\]. The results showed that, at habitat scale, pH, COD, VEG and PRE had significant influences on amphibian distribution. At landscape level, DR was always the significant explanatory variable at different dispersal abilities. When the dispersal abilities were 250 m and 500 m, landscape composition was the most critical factor. With the increase of dispersal ability, the effects of DR and AI were more obvious. Therefore, with regard to the protection of amphibian species and their habitats in plain agricultural region, both habitat and landscape scales should be taken into full consideration.