Powdery mildew, as one main disease threatening wheat production, has been increasingly popular in recent years. In this study, climatic risk aspects were assessed to explore the epidemic tendency of wheat powdery mildew in China, by using data of wheat powdery mildew disease from 1961 to 2010 in mainly affected provinces, their yearly wheat planting data, and daily meteorological data from 1961 to 2010 of 392 stations in those provinces. Frequency of differentclass days at decade scale was selected as the climatic hazard index for wheat powdery mildew, and occurrence area ratio of powdery mildew as the vulnerability index. Comprehensive risk index was built by integrating hazard and vulnerability indexes to assess risk development trend in decades. The results showed that the climatic hazard for wheat powdery mildew decreased from south to north and was similar in different decades. Vulnerability for wheat powdery mildew tended to be severe over time, and the climatic hazard had been more severe and its scope had been larger since the 1960s but decreased in 2001-2010. High climatic risk was mainly distributed in west Yunan, Guizhou, east Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, south Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian, where more attention should be paid to take effective measures to reduce the detriment of wheat powdery mildew.