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不同熟化措施对黑土母质发育的新成土壤有机碳库的影响

苑亚茹1,韩晓增2,李娜2*,尤孟阳2,邹文秀2   

  1. 1哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院, 哈尔滨 150025; 2中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所, 黑土区农业生态院重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150081)
  • 出版日期:2020-04-10 发布日期:2020-04-10

Effects of different improvement regimes on organic carbon pools of soils newly developed from parent material of Mollisols.

YUAN Ya-ru1, HAN Xiao-zeng2, LI Na2*, YOU Meng-yang2, ZOU Wen-xiu2   

  1. (1College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China; 2Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China).
  • Online:2020-04-10 Published:2020-04-10

摘要: 基于8年田间定位试验,采用土壤团聚体分组和闭蓄态微团聚体分离技术,将土壤有机质分为总粗颗粒有机质(活性碳库)、总细颗粒有机质(慢性碳库)和总粉黏粒(惰性碳库)3个组分,探讨不同熟化措施对黑土母质发育而成的新成土壤总有机碳库及不同活性有机碳库的影响,为黑土严重侵蚀地区母质表露后土壤肥力的快速恢复提供依据。试验设置自然恢复(NatF)、苜蓿种植(Alfa)、无肥(F0C0)、化肥(F1C0)、低量有机肥与化肥配施(F1C1)、高量有机肥与化肥配施(F1C2)等6个熟化处理。结果表明:黑土母质经过8年不同熟化处理后,土壤总有机碳和各组分有机碳含量均显著提高;与NatF相比,有机肥与化肥配施(F1C2和F1C1)对土壤总有机碳的提升作用最为明显,增幅分别为60.7%和41.2%;Alfa其次,增幅18.2%;F0C0或F1C0处理土壤总有机碳与NatF间无显著差异;F1C2和F1C1处理土壤3个组分有机碳含量均显著高于其他熟化处理,与F1C1相比,F1C2处理对各组分有机碳提升作用更为明显;与NatF相比,Alfa处理土壤有机碳的增加主要表现为粉黏粒结合有机碳的增加;F1C0和F0C0处理土壤总细颗粒有机质和总粉黏粒中有机碳与NatF间无显著差异,总粗颗粒有机质中有机碳含量低于NatF。研究表明,在米豆轮作和传统耕作体系下,农田生态系统高量有机物料投入配施化肥能够加速黑土母质的熟化进程,快速提高土壤中活性碳库和惰性碳库的容量,是严重退化黑土有机质快速提升的有效措施。

Abstract: The fractionation technique of aggregate and occluded microaggregate was used to separate soil organic matter into three carbon (C) fractions: total coarse particulate organic matter (total cPOM) as labile C pool, total fine particulate organic matter (total fPOM) as slow C pool, and total silt and clay particles (total S&C) as passive C pool. We examined the effects of different management practices on soil organic C (SOC) pools after 8-year soil development from parent material of Mollisols, aiming to provide reference for the rapid restoration of soil fertility of seriously eroded black soil. There were six treatments: no-tilled vegetation restoration under natural fallow (NatF), no-tilled vegetation restoration under alfalfa plantation (Alfa), tillage under corn-soybean cropping system without chemical fertilizers application (F0C0), tillage under corn-soybean cropping system with chemical fertilizers application (F1C0), tillage under cornsoybean cropping system with chemical fertilizers plus fixed amount of maize straw and simulated organic manure (F1C1), tillage under corn-soybean cropping system with chemical fertilizers plus all biomass (all crop shoots, roots and seeds) returned (F1C2). The results showed that SOC pools (total C pool, labile C pool, slow C pool, and passive C pool) in all treatments were significantly improved after 8year soil development from parent material of Mollisols. F1C2 and F1C1 had the highest SOC content among all the treatments. Compared with NatF, SOC contents in F1C2, F1C1 and Alfa treatments were increased by 60.7%, 41.2% and 18.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in SOC content between NatF and F0C0 or F1C0 treatments. The C contents in total cPOM, total fPOM and total S&C in F1C2 and F1C1 treatments were significantly higher than that in other treatments. F1C2 had higher C contents of the three C fractions than F1C1. Compared with NatF, the increment of C in Alfa treatment was mainly attributed to the enhancement of C in total S&C. There was no significant difference in C contents in total fPOM and total S&C between NatF and F1C0 or F0C0 treatments. The C content in total cPOM in F1C0 and F0C0 treatments was significantly lower compared with NatF. These results suggested that higher amount of C input combined with chemical fertilizer in agricultural ecosystem of black soil under corn-soybean rotation and traditional tillage systems could increase both labile and recalcitrant C pools, which could accelerate the improvement of parent material of Mollisols and thus be an effective measure to improve soil organic matter in seriously degraded black soil region.